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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Environmental Stress and the Deterministic Assembly of Bacterial Communities in Daqu: The Role of Amino Acid Content Fluctuations

by
Zhihao Chen
1,
Shaopei Tang
2,
Xia Zhu
1,
Guojun Zhu
2,
Xiaoye Luo
1 and
Xiaodan Wang
1,*
1
College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
2
Kweichow Zhen Distillery Co., Ltd., Zunyi 563000, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Foods 2025, 14(5), 725; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14050725
Submission received: 4 October 2024 / Revised: 4 November 2024 / Accepted: 6 November 2024 / Published: 20 February 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Food Microbiology)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Bacterial communities are highly susceptible to fluctuations in amino acid content. To investigate the response of microbial communities in daqu to environmental perturbations, we employed high-throughput sequencing and statistical analyses. Samples were collected from two workshops (A and B) at distinct stages of daqu fermentation and storage. Our analysis, using the β-nearest taxon index (βNTI), revealed that fungal community assembly is shaped by both stochastic and deterministic processes. In contrast, bacterial communities exhibited a shift towards deterministic assembly under environmental stress, with fluctuations in amino acid content being a primary driver. Notably, communities with active amino acid metabolism displayed a greater involvement of stochastic processes and harbored a higher number of bacterial keystone taxa, which contributed to the stability of microbial networks. This study provides novel insights into the complex interplay between microbial communities and their environment in the context of daqu.
Keywords: daqu; microbial assembly; driving factors; nutrient fluctuation; fermentation; metabolic pathways daqu; microbial assembly; driving factors; nutrient fluctuation; fermentation; metabolic pathways

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MDPI and ACS Style

Chen, Z.; Tang, S.; Zhu, X.; Zhu, G.; Luo, X.; Wang, X. Environmental Stress and the Deterministic Assembly of Bacterial Communities in Daqu: The Role of Amino Acid Content Fluctuations. Foods 2025, 14, 725. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14050725

AMA Style

Chen Z, Tang S, Zhu X, Zhu G, Luo X, Wang X. Environmental Stress and the Deterministic Assembly of Bacterial Communities in Daqu: The Role of Amino Acid Content Fluctuations. Foods. 2025; 14(5):725. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14050725

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chen, Zhihao, Shaopei Tang, Xia Zhu, Guojun Zhu, Xiaoye Luo, and Xiaodan Wang. 2025. "Environmental Stress and the Deterministic Assembly of Bacterial Communities in Daqu: The Role of Amino Acid Content Fluctuations" Foods 14, no. 5: 725. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14050725

APA Style

Chen, Z., Tang, S., Zhu, X., Zhu, G., Luo, X., & Wang, X. (2025). Environmental Stress and the Deterministic Assembly of Bacterial Communities in Daqu: The Role of Amino Acid Content Fluctuations. Foods, 14(5), 725. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14050725

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