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Article

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Seed Proteins’ Anti-Obesity Potential through Lipase Inhibition Using In Silico, In Vitro and In Vivo Models

by
Luis Jorge Coronado-Cáceres
1,
Griselda Rabadán-Chávez
1,
Luis Mojica
1,
Blanca Hernández-Ledesma
2,*,
Lucía Quevedo-Corona
3 and
Eugenia Lugo Cervantes
1,*
1
Unidad de Tecnología Alimentaria, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara CP 44270, Mexico
2
Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM+CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera, 28049 Madrid, Spain
3
Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Wilfrido Massieu s/n esq. Manuel I. Stampa. Col. Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos CP, 07738 Ciudad de México, Mexico
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Foods 2020, 9(10), 1359; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9101359
Submission received: 25 August 2020 / Revised: 11 September 2020 / Accepted: 14 September 2020 / Published: 25 September 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Proteins and Bioactive Peptides in High Protein Content Foods)
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the pancreatic lipase (PL) inhibitory effect of cocoa protein (CP) hydrolysates (CPH) using in silico and in vitro approaches, and an in vivo high-fat diet (HF) obese rat model. The results showed better theoretical affinity on PL for cocoa peptides EEQR, GGER, QTGVQ, and VSTDVNIE released from vicilin and albumins (−6.5, −6.3, −6.2, and −6.1 kcal/mol, respectively). Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADMET) prediction showed the human intestinal absorption (HIA) capacity of orlistat and eight cocoa peptides, demonstrating that they presented a low probability of toxicity with values lower than 0.6, while the orlistat has a high probability of hepatotoxicity with a mean value of 0.9. CPH (degree of hydrolysis of 55%) inhibited PL with an IC50 (concentration needed to inhibit 50% of enzyme activity) value of 1.38 mg/mL. The intragastric administration of 150 mg CP/kg/day to rats increased total lipids and triglycerides excretion in feces, ranging from 11% to 15% compared to the HF-diet. The HF + CP-diet also significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the apparent rate of fat absorption compared with the HF group. These results suggest that CP has anti-obesity potential by inhibiting PL, thus helping to prevent the development of non-communicable diseases.
Keywords: pancreatic lipase; cocoa proteins; bioactive peptides; fecal lipids; anti-obesity; ADMET; molecular docking pancreatic lipase; cocoa proteins; bioactive peptides; fecal lipids; anti-obesity; ADMET; molecular docking
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MDPI and ACS Style

Coronado-Cáceres, L.J.; Rabadán-Chávez, G.; Mojica, L.; Hernández-Ledesma, B.; Quevedo-Corona, L.; Lugo Cervantes, E. Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Seed Proteins’ Anti-Obesity Potential through Lipase Inhibition Using In Silico, In Vitro and In Vivo Models. Foods 2020, 9, 1359. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9101359

AMA Style

Coronado-Cáceres LJ, Rabadán-Chávez G, Mojica L, Hernández-Ledesma B, Quevedo-Corona L, Lugo Cervantes E. Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Seed Proteins’ Anti-Obesity Potential through Lipase Inhibition Using In Silico, In Vitro and In Vivo Models. Foods. 2020; 9(10):1359. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9101359

Chicago/Turabian Style

Coronado-Cáceres, Luis Jorge, Griselda Rabadán-Chávez, Luis Mojica, Blanca Hernández-Ledesma, Lucía Quevedo-Corona, and Eugenia Lugo Cervantes. 2020. "Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Seed Proteins’ Anti-Obesity Potential through Lipase Inhibition Using In Silico, In Vitro and In Vivo Models" Foods 9, no. 10: 1359. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9101359

APA Style

Coronado-Cáceres, L. J., Rabadán-Chávez, G., Mojica, L., Hernández-Ledesma, B., Quevedo-Corona, L., & Lugo Cervantes, E. (2020). Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Seed Proteins’ Anti-Obesity Potential through Lipase Inhibition Using In Silico, In Vitro and In Vivo Models. Foods, 9(10), 1359. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9101359

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