Citrus medica and Cinnamomum zeylanicum Essential Oils as Potential Biopreservatives against Spoilage in Low Alcohol Wine Products
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Extraction of EOs
2.2. Microbial Strains and Culture Media
2.3. Low Alcohol Wine Production
2.4. Wine Supplementation with EOs
2.5. Analytical Procedures
2.5.1. GC/MS Analysis
2.5.2. Antimicrobial Assays
Screening of EOs Antimicrobial Activity by the Disc Diffusion Assay
Determination of Minimum Inhibitory (MIC), Non-Inhibitory (NIC) and Minimum Lethal (MLC) Concentrations
Antimicrobial Activity in Wines-Containing EOs
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. GC/MS Analysis
3.2. Antimicrobial Assays
3.3. Sensory Trials
3.4. Antimicrobial Activity of C. medica and C. zeylanicum EOs in Low Alcohol Wines
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Compounds | KRI 1 | C. medica (% area) | C. zeylanicum (% area) 2 |
---|---|---|---|
3-Methyl-2-buten-1-ol | 740 | Tr | - |
cis-3-Hexenol | 831 | Tr | - |
Hexanol | 843 | Tr | - |
Isoamyl acetate | 854 | Tr | - |
Styrene | 870 | - | Tr |
Thujene | 920 | 0.29 | 0.30 |
α-Pinene | 928 | 0.81 | 1.56 |
Camphene | 940 | - | 0.51 |
Hexyl acetate | 954 | Tr | - |
6-Methyl-5-hepten2-one | 958 | 0.12 | - |
Sabinene | 962 | Tr | Tr |
β-Pinene | 967 | 0.79 | 0.47 |
Octanal | 977 | - | Tr |
Myrcene | 979 | 1.23 | - |
α-Phellandrene | 996 | Tr | 1.36 |
d-3-Carene | 1004 | - | 0.13 |
a-Terpinene | 1008 | 0.16 | - |
p-Cymene | 1010 | 0.64 | 3.15 |
β-Phellandrene | 1017 | - | 3.67 |
Limonene | 1020 | 38.46 | - |
cis-Ocimene | 1022 | Tr | 0.07 |
Acetophenone | 1028 | - | Tr |
trans-Ocimene | 1032 | 0.19 | - |
γ-Terpinene | 1043 | 7.96 | Tr |
Sabinene hydrate | 1046 | - | Tr |
Epoxy linaloοl | 1052 | 0.10 | Tr |
Dehydro-p-cymene | 1066 | - | Tr |
Terpinolene | 1073 | 0.46 | 0.14 |
Nonanal | 1077 | Tr | - |
Linaloοl | 1084 | 35.44 | 4.22 |
Isoamyl valerate | 1086 | - | Tr |
Menth-2-en-1-ol | 1103 | - | Tr |
iso-Nerol | 1104 | - | Tr |
Camphor | 1114 | - | Tr |
iso-Geraniol | 1118 | Tr | - |
Phenyl propionaldehyde | 1119 | - | 0.28 |
β-Terpineol | 1121 | Tr | - |
Citronellal | 1127 | Tr | - |
iso-Citral | 1136 | Tr | - |
Menthadienol | 1139 | Tr | - |
Borneol | 1141 | - | Tr |
Cryptone | 1147 | - | Tr |
4-Terpineol | 1153 | 0.54 | 0.28 |
α-Terpineol | 1164 | 2.09 | 0.50 |
Hexyl butyrate | 1171 | Tr | - |
cis-Cinnamic aldehyde | 1174 | - | 0.48 |
Decanal | 1180 | - | Tr |
3-Phenylpropanol | 1194 | - | Tr |
o-Anisaldehyde | 1199 | - | Tr |
Nerol | 1206 | 1.58 | - |
cis-Citral | 1210 | 1.88 | - |
trans-Cinnamic-aldehyde | 1230 | - | 63.58 |
Geraniol | 1231 | 2.34 | - |
trans-Citral | 1237 | 3.09 | - |
Phellandral | 1241 | - | Tr |
Safrole | 1255 | - | Tr |
Cinnamic alcohol | 1263 | - | 0.13 |
Thymol | 1264 | - | Tr |
Carvacrol | 1273 | - | Tr |
Eugenol | 1322 | - | 5.05 |
Terpinyl acetate | 1325 | Tr | - |
Hydrocinnamyl acetate | 1332 | - | Tr |
Neryl acetate | 1339 | 0.27 | - |
α-Cubebene | 1339 | - | Tr |
cis-Cinnamyl acetate | 1350 | - | Tr |
Geranyl acetate | 1358 | 0.52 | - |
Copaene | 1364 | - | 0.74 |
Coumarine | 1369 | - | Tr |
β-Elemene | 1378 | - | Tr |
trans-Cinnamyl acetate | 1403 | - | 2.36 |
Caryophyllene | 1404 | 5.92 | |
α-Humulene | 1439 | - | 1.08 |
Caryophyllene oxide | 1455 | - | 0.98 |
o-Methoxy cinnamic aldehyde | 1476 | - | 0.40 |
Valencene | 1478 | Tr | - |
Acetyl eugenol | 1483 | - | 0.25 |
β-Bisabolene | 1495 | 0.10 | - |
Geranyl-iso-butyrate | 1515 | Tr | - |
Geranyl butyrate | 1538 | Tr | - |
trans-Nerolidol | 1545 | Tr | - |
Benzyl benzoate | 1713 | - | 1.54 |
Microbial Species | C. medica EO | C. zeylanicum EO | EOs Mixture | Erythromycin | Voriconazole | Gentamycin | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MIC | NIC | MLC | MIC | NIC | MLC | MIC | NIC | MLC | MIC | NIC | MLC | MIC | NIC | MLC | MIC | NIC | MLC | |
G. cerinus | 2544 | - | 10176 | 1245 | - | 5978 | 2305 | - | 9222 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4 | - | 8 |
O. oeni | 2097 ± 25 | 1081 ± 34 | 10176 | 1037 ± 30 | 202 ± 40 | 5978 | 2041 ± 27 | 687 ± 18 | 9222 | 0.24 ± 0.001 | 0.06 ± 0.001 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
P. pentosaceus | 2506 ± 42 | 1530 ± 25 | 10176 | 1549 ± 40 | 361 ± 50 | 5978 | 2089 ± 18 | 234 ± 9 | 9222 | 0.12 ± 0.001 | 0.06 ± 0.002 | 0.5 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
D. bruxellensis | 4240 | - | 12720 | 125 | - | 747 | 2305 | - | 13832 | - | - | - | 1 | - | 4 | - | - | - |
C. zemplinina | 636 | - | 1696 | 374 | - | 1494 | 350 | - | 1844 | - | - | - | 1 | - | 4 | - | - | - |
H. uvarum | 530 | - | 1696 | 498 | - | 1993 | 350 | - | 1844 | - | - | - | 1 | - | 4 | - | - | - |
P. guilliermondii | 636 | - | 1696 | 374 | - | 2491 | 350 | - | 1844 | - | - | - | 1 | - | 4 | - | - | - |
Z. bailii | 530 | - | 1272 | 498 | - | 5978 | 1752 | - | 7377 | - | - | - | 1 | - | 4 | - | - | - |
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Mitropoulou, G.; Nikolaou, A.; Santarmaki, V.; Sgouros, G.; Kourkoutas, Y. Citrus medica and Cinnamomum zeylanicum Essential Oils as Potential Biopreservatives against Spoilage in Low Alcohol Wine Products. Foods 2020, 9, 577. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9050577
Mitropoulou G, Nikolaou A, Santarmaki V, Sgouros G, Kourkoutas Y. Citrus medica and Cinnamomum zeylanicum Essential Oils as Potential Biopreservatives against Spoilage in Low Alcohol Wine Products. Foods. 2020; 9(5):577. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9050577
Chicago/Turabian StyleMitropoulou, Gregoria, Anastasios Nikolaou, Valentini Santarmaki, Georgios Sgouros, and Yiannis Kourkoutas. 2020. "Citrus medica and Cinnamomum zeylanicum Essential Oils as Potential Biopreservatives against Spoilage in Low Alcohol Wine Products" Foods 9, no. 5: 577. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9050577