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Volume 12
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10.3390/toxics12050322
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Article

Pollution Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Sediments of the Inflow Rivers of Dianchi Lake, China

by
Liwei He
1,2,3,
Guangye Chen
2,
Xinze Wang
1,3,*,
Jian Shen
1,3,*,
Hongjiao Zhang
2,
Yuanyuan Lin
2,
Yang Shen
2,
Feiyan Lang
2 and
Chenglei Gong
2
1
Yunnan Dali Research Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dali 671000, China
2
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China
3
National Observation and Research Station of Erhai Lake Ecosystem in Yunnan, Dali 671000, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Toxics 2024, 12(5), 322; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12050322
Submission received: 13 April 2024 / Revised: 23 April 2024 / Accepted: 25 April 2024 / Published: 29 April 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Metals and Radioactive Substances)
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Abstract

To explore the contamination status and identify the source of the heavy metals in the sediments in the major inflow rivers of Dianchi Lake in China, sediment samples were collected and analyzed. Specifically, the distribution, source, water quality, and health risk assessment of the heavy metals were analyzed using correlation analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), the heavy metal contamination factor (Cf), the pollution load index (PLI), and the potential ecological risk index (PERI). Additionally, the chemical fractions were analyzed for mobility characteristics. The results indicate that the average concentration of the heavy metals in the sediment ranked in the descending order of Zn > Cr > Cu > Pb > As > Ni > Cd > Hg, and most of the elements existed in less-mobile forms. The Cfwas in the order of Hg > Zn > Cd > As > Pb > Cr > Ni; the accumulation of Hg, Zn, Cd, and As was obvious. Although the spatial variability of the heavy metal contents was pronounced, the synthetical evaluation index of the PLI and PERI both reached a high pollution level. The PCA and CA results indicate that industrial, transportation, and agricultural emissions were the dominant factors causing heavy metal pollution. These results provide important data for improving water resource management efficiency and heavy metal pollution prevention in Dianchi Lake.
Keywords: heavy metal pollution; chemical speciation; risk assessment; source identification heavy metal pollution; chemical speciation; risk assessment; source identification

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MDPI and ACS Style

He, L.; Chen, G.; Wang, X.; Shen, J.; Zhang, H.; Lin, Y.; Shen, Y.; Lang, F.; Gong, C. Pollution Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Sediments of the Inflow Rivers of Dianchi Lake, China. Toxics 2024, 12, 322. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12050322

AMA Style

He L, Chen G, Wang X, Shen J, Zhang H, Lin Y, Shen Y, Lang F, Gong C. Pollution Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Sediments of the Inflow Rivers of Dianchi Lake, China. Toxics. 2024; 12(5):322. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12050322

Chicago/Turabian Style

He, Liwei, Guangye Chen, Xinze Wang, Jian Shen, Hongjiao Zhang, Yuanyuan Lin, Yang Shen, Feiyan Lang, and Chenglei Gong. 2024. "Pollution Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Sediments of the Inflow Rivers of Dianchi Lake, China" Toxics 12, no. 5: 322. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12050322

APA Style

He, L., Chen, G., Wang, X., Shen, J., Zhang, H., Lin, Y., Shen, Y., Lang, F., & Gong, C. (2024). Pollution Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Sediments of the Inflow Rivers of Dianchi Lake, China. Toxics, 12(5), 322. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12050322

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