Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Porosity, Hydraulic Conductivity, Strength, and Flow Rate on Fluid Flow in Weakly Cemented Bio-Treated Sands
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Base Materials
2.2. Assessment of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Bio-Cemented Sands
2.3. Experimental Setup of the Fluid Injection Experiments
2.4. Experimental Program
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. The Physical and Mechanical Properties of the Bio-Treated Specimens
3.2. Fluid Injection Experiments
3.3. Correlation of the Peak Pressures with the Engineering Properties
3.4. Analysis of Peak Injection Pressures
3.5. Comparison of the Results Obtained in Weakly Cemented Media against Cohesionless Sands
3.6. Applicabilty of the Findings in the Field of Hydrology
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
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Chemical Component | Concentration | |
---|---|---|
Bacterial solution (BS) | Yeast extract | 20 g/L |
Ammonium sulphate | 10 g/L | |
Tris buffer | 0.13 M | |
Cementation solution (CS) | Calcium chloride | 0.25 M |
Urea | 0.375 M | |
Nutrient broth | 3 g/L |
Type of Sand | Cementation Level Range | Flow Rate (mL/min) |
---|---|---|
Fine sand | 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 | 30 |
4, 5, 7, 8 | 100 | |
4, 5, 7, 8 | 200 | |
4, 6, 7, 8 | 400 | |
Glass beads | 4, 5, 7, 8 | 30 |
4, 6, 8 | 100 | |
4, 6, 8 | 200 | |
4, 6, 8 | 400 | |
Medium-grained sand | 4, 5, 7, 8 | 30 |
4, 5, 7, 8 | 100 | |
4, 6, 8 | 200 | |
4, 6, 8 | 400 | |
Coarse sand | 4, 5, 7, 9 | 30 |
7 | 100 | |
9 | 200 | |
7, 8 | 100 + 200 | |
9 | 100 + 300 | |
Very coarse sand | 8 | 30 |
8 | 300 | |
5, 8, 10 | 400 | |
8 | 100 + 300 | |
8 | 200 + 300 |
Type of Sand | Fit | R-Squared | |
---|---|---|---|
UCS = f(Cw) | Fine sand | UCS = 56.911exp(0.4018Cw) | 0.88 |
Glass beads | UCS = 5.8203exp(0.5835Cw) | 0.98 | |
Medium-grained sand | UCS = 91.073exp(0.3847Cw) | 0.96 | |
Coarse sand | UCS = 29.925exp(0.4801Cw) | 0.97 | |
Very coarse sand | UCS = 56.544exp(0.3568Cw) | 0.90 | |
UCS = f(n) | Fine sand | UCS = 0.0888n−8.715 | 0.67 |
Glass beads | UCS = 0.0077n−10.17 | 0.78 | |
Medium-grained sand | UCS = 0.0045n−11.53 | 0.98 | |
Coarse sand | UCS = 0.00078n−9.903 | 0.88 | |
Very coarse sand | UCS = 0.0053n−9.526 | 0.84 | |
HC = f(Cw) | Fine sand | HC = 0.0006exp(−0.66Cw) | 0.98 |
Glass beads | HC = 0.0002exp(−0.715Cw) | 0.68 | |
Medium-grained sand | HC = 0.0067exp(−0.887Cw) | 0.70 | |
Coarse sand | HC = 0.0308exp(−0.883Cw) | 0.95 | |
Very coarse sand | HC = 7 × 10−5exp(−0.312Cw) | 0.64 |
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Konstantinou, C.; Biscontin, G. Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Porosity, Hydraulic Conductivity, Strength, and Flow Rate on Fluid Flow in Weakly Cemented Bio-Treated Sands. Hydrology 2022, 9, 190. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology9110190
Konstantinou C, Biscontin G. Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Porosity, Hydraulic Conductivity, Strength, and Flow Rate on Fluid Flow in Weakly Cemented Bio-Treated Sands. Hydrology. 2022; 9(11):190. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology9110190
Chicago/Turabian StyleKonstantinou, Charalampos, and Giovanna Biscontin. 2022. "Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Porosity, Hydraulic Conductivity, Strength, and Flow Rate on Fluid Flow in Weakly Cemented Bio-Treated Sands" Hydrology 9, no. 11: 190. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology9110190
APA StyleKonstantinou, C., & Biscontin, G. (2022). Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Porosity, Hydraulic Conductivity, Strength, and Flow Rate on Fluid Flow in Weakly Cemented Bio-Treated Sands. Hydrology, 9(11), 190. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology9110190