Effect of Uniaxial Compression Frequency on Osteogenic Cell Responses in Dynamic 3D Cultures
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Overview of the Scaffold Design
2.2. Finite Element Simulations of the Scaffold during Mechanical Compression
2.3. Scaffolds Fabrication
2.4. Seeding of MC3T3-E1 onto the Polymeric Scaffolds
2.5. Mechanical Stimulation Protocol
2.6. Cell Morphology by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
2.7. Pre-Osteoblastic Cell Viability Evaluation
2.8. Alkaline Phosphatase Activity Assessment
2.9. Calcium Secretion Measurement
2.10. Collagen Secretion by the Pre-Osteoblasts
2.11. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Finite Element Simulations of the Scaffold during Mechanical Compression
3.2. Pre-Osteoblastic Cell Morphology
3.3. Cell Viability Assessment within the Scaffolds
3.4. Evaluation of the Differentiation Potential of the Cell-Seeded Scaffolds
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Material Property | Symbol | Unit of Measure | Value |
---|---|---|---|
Young modulus | E | MPa | 32.2 |
Poisson ratio | N | - | 0.3 |
Density | Ρ | kg/m3 | 1200 |
Mesh Setting | Average Size [mm] | Min Size [mm] | Max Size [mm] | Model DoF |
---|---|---|---|---|
Finer | 0.23 | 0.10 | 0.34 | ≈42 k |
Printing Speed [mm/s] | Extrusion Temperature [°C] | Bed Temperature [°C] | Layer Height [mm] |
---|---|---|---|
10 | 210 | 80 | 0.2 |
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Kontogianni, G.-I.; Loukelis, K.; Bonatti, A.F.; Batoni, E.; De Maria, C.; Naseem, R.; Dalgarno, K.; Vozzi, G.; MacManus, D.B.; Mondal, S.; et al. Effect of Uniaxial Compression Frequency on Osteogenic Cell Responses in Dynamic 3D Cultures. Bioengineering 2023, 10, 532. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10050532
Kontogianni G-I, Loukelis K, Bonatti AF, Batoni E, De Maria C, Naseem R, Dalgarno K, Vozzi G, MacManus DB, Mondal S, et al. Effect of Uniaxial Compression Frequency on Osteogenic Cell Responses in Dynamic 3D Cultures. Bioengineering. 2023; 10(5):532. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10050532
Chicago/Turabian StyleKontogianni, Georgia-Ioanna, Konstantinos Loukelis, Amedeo Franco Bonatti, Elisa Batoni, Carmelo De Maria, Raasti Naseem, Kenneth Dalgarno, Giovanni Vozzi, David B. MacManus, Subrata Mondal, and et al. 2023. "Effect of Uniaxial Compression Frequency on Osteogenic Cell Responses in Dynamic 3D Cultures" Bioengineering 10, no. 5: 532. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10050532