Modulating the Release Kinetics of Natural Product Actinomycin from Bacterial Nanocellulose Films and Their Antimicrobial Activity
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. BNC Production
2.3. TEMPO Oxidation of BNC
2.4. Production and Purification of Actinomycin D Mixture (ActX)
2.5. Immobilization of ActX on BNC (BNC-ActX) and Oxidized BNC (ox-BNC- ActX)
2.6. Efficiency of ActX Immobilization
2.7. Characterization of BNC Samples
2.7.1. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy Analysis
2.7.2. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Analysis
2.7.3. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) Analysis
2.7.4. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Analysis
2.8. Actinomycin Release
2.9. Antibacterial Activity of ActX—BNC Films
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. FTIR Analysis
3.2. SEM Analysis
3.3. XRD and XPS Analysis
3.4. ActX ActX Release in PBS and Antimicrobial Activity
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | 2ϴ° | FWHM | XC002, % | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(–110) | (110) | (002) | (−110) | (110) | (002) | ||
BNC | 14.41 | 16.80 | 22.57 | 1.60 | 1.11 | 1.39 | 70.48 |
ox-BNC | 14.57 | 16.84 | 22.75 | 1.37 | 1.40 | 1.32 | 65.79 |
BNC-ActX | 14.47 | 16.88 | 22.67 | 1.46 | 1.51 | 1.37 | 69.40 |
ox-BNC-ActX | 14.41 | 16.76 | 22.62 | 1.50 | 1.42 | 1.38 | 66.17 |
Sample | τ50%, min | τ60%, min | τ70%, min | c24h, % | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BNC-ActX | 15 | 20 | 40 | 79.5 | ||
ox-BNC-ActX | 55 | 80 | 180 | 29.2 | ||
Sample | Peppas model | Higuchi model | Mechanism | |||
k | n | R | k | R | ||
BNC-ActX | 16.897 | 0.2711 | 0.9870 | 14.049 | 0.8466 | Fickian diffusion |
ox-BNC-ActX | 17.495 | 0.3457 | 0.9944 | 17.395 | 0.9618 |
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Zimowska, K.; Filipovic, V.; Nikodinovic-Runic, J.; Simic, J.; Ilic-Tomic, T.; Zimowska, M.; Gurgul, J.; Ponjavic, M. Modulating the Release Kinetics of Natural Product Actinomycin from Bacterial Nanocellulose Films and Their Antimicrobial Activity. Bioengineering 2024, 11, 847. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11080847
Zimowska K, Filipovic V, Nikodinovic-Runic J, Simic J, Ilic-Tomic T, Zimowska M, Gurgul J, Ponjavic M. Modulating the Release Kinetics of Natural Product Actinomycin from Bacterial Nanocellulose Films and Their Antimicrobial Activity. Bioengineering. 2024; 11(8):847. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11080847
Chicago/Turabian StyleZimowska, Katarzyna, Vuk Filipovic, Jasmina Nikodinovic-Runic, Jelena Simic, Tatjana Ilic-Tomic, Malgorzata Zimowska, Jacek Gurgul, and Marijana Ponjavic. 2024. "Modulating the Release Kinetics of Natural Product Actinomycin from Bacterial Nanocellulose Films and Their Antimicrobial Activity" Bioengineering 11, no. 8: 847. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11080847