Feasibility of Stationary Cycling with Pedal Force Visual Feedback Post-Total Knee Arthroplasty: Implications for Inter-Limb Deficits in Knee Joint Biomechanics
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Procedures
2.2.1. Instrumentation
2.2.2. Testing Protocol
2.2.3. Intervention Protocol
2.3. Data Analysis
2.4. Statistical Analysis
2.4.1. Hypotheses 1 and 2
2.4.2. Hypothesis 3
3. Results
3.1. Hypothesis 1: Cycling Asymmetries
3.2. Hypothesis 2: Overground Walking Asymmetries
3.3. Hypothesis 3: Gait Velocities, Functional Tests, and KOOS
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | |
---|---|
Age | 64.8 ± 7.7 |
Mass | 89.2 ± 21.3 |
Height | 1.70 ± 0.1 |
Time post-operation | 8.6 ± 2.4 |
Inclusion | Exclusion |
---|---|
|
|
80 W | 100 W | P (η2p) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre | Post | Pre | Post | Interaction | Time | Work Rate | |
KEM | 36.0 ± 22.7 | −2.0 ± 14.4 | 33.2 ± 17.7 | 10.6 ± 11.4 | 0.109 (0.432) | 0.038 (0.610) | 0.262 (0.242) |
Vertical PRF | 3.6 ± 7.7 | −11.5 ± 21.8 | 1.2 ± 14.5 | −5.3 ± 15.3 | 0.032 (0.634) | 0.362 (0.168) | 0.548 (0.077) |
Posterior PRF | 26.2 ± 15.5 | 6.5 ± 3.6 | 29.0 ± 15.9 | 11.9 ± 8.3 | 0.537 (0.081) | 0.057 (0.549) | 0.050 (0.570) |
Preferred | Fast | P (η2p) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre | Post | Pre | Post | Interaction | Time | Speed | |
LR KEM | 34.4 ± 36.6 | 14.8 ± 12.7 | 40.0 ± 16.9 | 26.9 ± 15.4 | 0.525 (0.108) | 0.382 (0.194) | 0.198 (0.373) |
PO KEM | 4.0 ± 17.4 | −17.6 ± 27.0 | 22.1 ± 10.6 | −2.5 ± 28.4 | 0.854 (0.009) | 0.134 (0.468) | 0.031 (0.726) |
LR vertical GRF | 3.1 ± 2.8 | 3.7 ± 3.4 | 5.2 ± 3.3 | 3.4 ± 4.7 | 0.225 (0.339) | 0.669 (0.050) | 0.182 (0.395) |
PO vertical GRF | 3.4 ± 1.4 | 5.1 ± 1.2 | 7.0 ± 3.6 | 3.4 ± 7.1 | 0.080 (0.575) | 0.351 (0.218) | 0.611 (0.071) |
Pre-Training | Post-Training | p | d | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gait Speeds | ||||
Preferred Gait Velocity (m/s) | 1.21 ± 0.23 | 1.35 ± 0.25 | 0.001 | 0.583 |
Fast Gait Velocity (m/s) | 1.54 ± 0.18 | 1.67 ± 0.24 | 0.002 | 0.613 |
VNS Pain Score | ||||
Initial | 0.60 ± 1.34 | 0.95 ± 1.45 | 0.343 | 0.251 |
Preferred Speed | 0.60 ± 1.58 | 0.60 ± 1.26 | 1.000 | 0.000 |
Fast Speed | 0.65 ± 1.56 | 0.60 ± 1.26 | 0.758 | 0.035 |
Functional Tests | ||||
Timed-up-and-go (s) | 8.49 ± 1.65 | 7.96 ± 1.71 | 0.232 | 0.315 |
Sit-to-Stand (s) | 24.58 ± 5.72 | 24.19 ± 7.38 | 0.807 | 0.059 |
KOOS | ||||
Total Score | 339.2 ± 50.4 | 361.5 ± 39.9 | 0.009 | 0.492 |
Symptom’s subscale | 79.76 ± 17.00 | 83.93 ± 12.93 | 0.272 | 0.276 |
Pain subscale | 87.96 ± 14.66 | 93.23 ± 9.70 | 0.105 | 0.424 |
ADL subscale | 94.36 ± 5.13 | 95.83 ± 5.76 | 0.041 | 0.270 |
Quality of Life subscale | 77.08 ± 19.63 | 88.54 ± 16.02 | 0.100 | 0.640 |
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Hummer, E.T.; Porter, J.; Cates, H.; Zhang, S. Feasibility of Stationary Cycling with Pedal Force Visual Feedback Post-Total Knee Arthroplasty: Implications for Inter-Limb Deficits in Knee Joint Biomechanics. Bioengineering 2024, 11, 850. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11080850
Hummer ET, Porter J, Cates H, Zhang S. Feasibility of Stationary Cycling with Pedal Force Visual Feedback Post-Total Knee Arthroplasty: Implications for Inter-Limb Deficits in Knee Joint Biomechanics. Bioengineering. 2024; 11(8):850. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11080850
Chicago/Turabian StyleHummer, Erik T., Jared Porter, Harold Cates, and Songning Zhang. 2024. "Feasibility of Stationary Cycling with Pedal Force Visual Feedback Post-Total Knee Arthroplasty: Implications for Inter-Limb Deficits in Knee Joint Biomechanics" Bioengineering 11, no. 8: 850. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11080850