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Bioengineering
Volume 8
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10.3390/bioengineering8120218
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Review

An Update on Nickel-Titanium Rotary Instruments in Endodontics: Mechanical Characteristics, Testing and Future Perspective—An Overview

by
Alessio Zanza
,
Maurilio D’Angelo
,
Rodolfo Reda
*,
Gianluca Gambarini
,
Luca Testarelli
and
Dario Di Nardo
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Bioengineering 2021, 8(12), 218; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering8120218
Submission received: 30 November 2021 / Revised: 10 December 2021 / Accepted: 13 December 2021 / Published: 16 December 2021
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Abstract

Since the introduction of Nickel-Titanium alloy as the material of choice for the manufacturing of endodontic rotary instruments, the success rate of the root canal therapies has been significantly increased. This success mainly arises from the properties of the Nickel-Titanium alloy: the biocompatibility, the superelasticity and the shape memory effect. Those characteristics have led to a reduction in time of endodontic treatments, a simplification of instrumentation procedures and an increase of predictability and effectiveness of endodontic treatments. Nevertheless, the intracanal separation of Nickel-Titanium rotary instruments is still a major concern of endodontists, with a consequent possible reduction in the outcome rate. As thoroughly demonstrated, the two main causes of intracanal separation of endodontic instruments are the cyclic fatigue and the torsional loads. As results, in order to reduce the percentage of intracanal separation research and manufacturers have been focused on the parameters that directly or indirectly influence mechanical properties of endodontic rotary instruments. This review describes the current state of the art regarding the Nickel-Titanium alloy in endodontics, the mechanical behavior of endodontic rotary instruments and the relative stresses acting on them during intracanal instrumentation, highlighting the limitation of the current literature.
Keywords: endodontics; endodontic rotary instruments; Nickel-Titanium alloy; root canal treatment endodontics; endodontic rotary instruments; Nickel-Titanium alloy; root canal treatment

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zanza, A.; D’Angelo, M.; Reda, R.; Gambarini, G.; Testarelli, L.; Di Nardo, D. An Update on Nickel-Titanium Rotary Instruments in Endodontics: Mechanical Characteristics, Testing and Future Perspective—An Overview. Bioengineering 2021, 8, 218. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering8120218

AMA Style

Zanza A, D’Angelo M, Reda R, Gambarini G, Testarelli L, Di Nardo D. An Update on Nickel-Titanium Rotary Instruments in Endodontics: Mechanical Characteristics, Testing and Future Perspective—An Overview. Bioengineering. 2021; 8(12):218. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering8120218

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zanza, Alessio, Maurilio D’Angelo, Rodolfo Reda, Gianluca Gambarini, Luca Testarelli, and Dario Di Nardo. 2021. "An Update on Nickel-Titanium Rotary Instruments in Endodontics: Mechanical Characteristics, Testing and Future Perspective—An Overview" Bioengineering 8, no. 12: 218. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering8120218

APA Style

Zanza, A., D’Angelo, M., Reda, R., Gambarini, G., Testarelli, L., & Di Nardo, D. (2021). An Update on Nickel-Titanium Rotary Instruments in Endodontics: Mechanical Characteristics, Testing and Future Perspective—An Overview. Bioengineering, 8(12), 218. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering8120218

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