Virtual Reality Gait Training to Promote Balance and Gait Among Older People: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Subjects
2.2. Determination of the Sample Size
2.3. Procedure
2.4. Virtual Reality Gait Training with Non-Motorized Treadmill
2.5. Virtual Reality Device and Motion Tracking
2.6. Outcome Measurements
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | VRGT Group (n = 28) | Control Group (n = 28) | χ2/t | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (year) | 81.01 ± 6.89 | 79.47 ± 6.15 | 0.879 | 0.383 |
Height (cm) | 166.36 ± 6.42 | 164.21 ± 8.58 | 1.058 | 0.295 |
Weight (kg) | 63.12 ± 6.53 | 61.52 ± 8.62 | 0.782 | 0.438 |
BMI (point) | 22.81 ± 2.14 | 22.83 ± 2.76 | 0.024 | 0.981 |
MMSE-K | 25.86 ± 1.38 | 25.64 ± 0.91 | 0.686 | 0.496 |
Gender (male/female) | 16/12 | 15/13 | 0.788 | 0.072 |
Variables | VRGT Group (n = 28) | Control Group (n = 28) | χ2/t | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
OLS (sec) | Pre | 28.82 ± 6.32 | 27.76 ± 7.01 | 0.594 | 0.555 |
Post | 37.64 ± 9.29 | 29.45 ± 7.40 | |||
Change Score | 8.82 ± 3.58 | 1.69 ± 4.87 | 6.240 | 0.000 | |
t | 13.026 | 1.837 | |||
p | 0.000 | 0.078 | |||
BBS (point) | Pre | 46.18 ± 3.86 | 44.89 ± 4.59 | 1.135 | 0.262 |
Post | 46.39 ± 4.34 | 45.25 ± 4.64 | |||
Change Score | 0.21 ± 1.10 | 0.36 ± 1.13 | 0.479 | 0.634 | |
t | 1.030 | 1.676 | |||
p | 0.312 | 0.106 | |||
FRT (cm) | Pre | 25.19 ± 5.31 | 25.45 ± 4.26 | 0.202 | 0.841 |
Post | 23.80 ± 5.38 | 25.39 ± 3.58 | |||
Change Score | −1.39 ± 7.17 | −0.06 ± 5.73 | 0.764 | 0.448 | |
t | 1.024 | 0.057 | |||
p | 0.315 | 0.955 | |||
TUG (sec) | Pre | 13.24 ± 5.91 | 12.55 ± 4.48 | 0.486 | 0.629 |
Post | 11.92 ± 5.42 | 12.33 ± 4.86 | |||
Change Score | −1.31 ± 1.51 | −0.22 ± 0.83 | 3.339 | 0.002 | |
t | 4.600 | 1.431 | |||
p | 0.000 | 0.164 |
Variables | VRGT Group (n = 28) | Control Group (n = 28) | χ2/t | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Velocity (m/s) | Pre | 1.02 ± 0.04 | 1.06 ± 0.14 | 1.529 | 0.132 |
Post | 1.05 ± 0.04 | 1.08 ± 0.09 | |||
Change Score | 0.03 ± 0.04 | 0.02 ± 0.13 | 0.245 | 0.807 | |
t | 3.452 | 0.816 | |||
p | 0.002 | 0.422 | |||
Cadence (step/min) | Pre | 113.29 ± 20.77 | 121.63 ± 23.86 | 1.395 | 0.169 |
Post | 109.98 ± 12.95 | 119.65 ± 23.47 | |||
Change Score | −3.32 ± 9.24 | −1.98 ± 9.24 | 0.541 | 0.591 | |
t | 1.900 | 1.137 | |||
p | 0.068 | 0.266 | |||
Stride time (sec) | Pre | 1.09 ± 0.17 | 1.02 ± 0.19 | 1.366 | 0.178 |
Post | 1.11 ± 0.13 | 1.04 ± 0.18 | |||
Change Score | 0.02 ± 0.06 | 0.01 ± 0.06 | 0.154 | 0.878 | |
t | 1.423 | 1.176 | |||
p | 0.166 | 0.250 | |||
Step time (sec) | Pre | 0.54 ± 0.09 | 0.51 ± 0.10 | 1.366 | 0.178 |
Post | 0.55 ± 0.06 | 0.52 ± 0.09 | |||
Change Score | 0.01 ± 0.03 | 0.01 ± 0.03 | 0.154 | 0.878 | |
t | 1.423 | 1.176 | |||
p | 0.166 | 0.250 |
Variables | VRGT Group (n = 28) | Control Group (n = 28) | χ2/t | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stride length (cm) | Pre | 110.99 ± 16.29 | 109.17 ± 13.13 | 0.462 | 0.646 |
Post | 115.61 ± 12.06 | 111.29 ± 15.02 | |||
Change Score | 4.61 ± 5.01 | 2.12 ± 3.60 | 2.136 | 0.037 | |
t | 4.875 | 3.134 | |||
p | 0.000 | 0.004 | |||
Step length (cm) | Pre | 55.50 ± 8.14 | 54.58 ± 6.56 | 0.462 | 0.646 |
Post | 57.80 ± 6.03 | 55.65 ± 7.51 | |||
Change Score | 2.31 ± 2.50 | 1.06 ± 1.80 | 2.136 | 0.037 | |
t | 4.875 | 3.134 | |||
p | 0.000 | 0.004 | |||
Step width (cm) | Pre | 9.95 ± 2.34 | 10.13 ± 1.84 | 0.327 | 0.745 |
Post | 9.15 ± 2.25 | 10.47 ± 2.11 | |||
Change Score | −0.80 ± 0.40 | 0.34 ± 2.52 | 2.364 | 0.022 | |
t | 10.713 | 0.709 | |||
p | 0.000 | 0.485 |
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Lee, K. Virtual Reality Gait Training to Promote Balance and Gait Among Older People: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Geriatrics 2021, 6, 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics6010001
Lee K. Virtual Reality Gait Training to Promote Balance and Gait Among Older People: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Geriatrics. 2021; 6(1):1. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics6010001
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Kyeongjin. 2021. "Virtual Reality Gait Training to Promote Balance and Gait Among Older People: A Randomized Clinical Trial" Geriatrics 6, no. 1: 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics6010001