Aromatherapy Massage vs. Foot Reflexology on the Severity of Restless Legs Syndrome in Female Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design
2.2. Setting and Sampling
2.3. Blinding
2.4. Eligibility Criteria
2.5. Measures
2.6. Interventions
2.6.1. Reflexology
2.6.2. Aromatherapy Massage
2.6.3. Placebo
2.7. Ethical Considerations
2.8. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demographic Characteristics
3.2. Effects of the Interventions on RLS Severity
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | Aromatherapy Massage | Reflexology | Placebo | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (year) | 48.17 ± 1.65 | 52.77 ± 1.58 | 50.45 ± 1.13 | 0.09 |
Education level | 0.001 | |||
Illiterate | 3 (2.9%) | 9 (8.6%) | 8 (7.6%) | |
Elementary | 24 (22.9%) | 29 (27.6%) | 13 (12.4%) | |
Diploma | 3 (2.9%) | 2 (1.9%) | 14 (33.3%) | |
Marital status | 1 | |||
Married | 30 (28.6%) | 30 (28.6%) | 30 (28.6%) | |
Single and widow | 5 (4.8%) | 5 (4.8%) | 5 (4.8%) | |
Occupation | 0.6 | |||
Housewife | 34 (32.5%) | 35 (33.3%) | 34 (32.5%) | |
Employed | 1 (0.9%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.9%) | |
Family history of restless legs syndrome | 0.12 | |||
Yes | 8 (7.6%) | 3 (2.9%) | 3 (2.9%) | |
No | 27 (25.7%) | 32 (30.5%) | 32 (30.5%) | |
Duration of hemodialysis | 5.07 ± 0.53 | 5.41 ± 0.48 | 5.31 ± 0.43 | 0.49 |
Smoking | 0.81 | |||
Yes | 2 (1.9%) | 2 (1.9%) | 1 (0.9%) | |
No | 33 (31.4%) | 33 (31.4%) | 34 (32.4%) |
Time | Group | Mean ± SD | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Before the intervention | Reflexology | 19.77 ± 3.049 | ||
Aromatherapy massage | 21.71 ± 4.515 | |||
Placebo | 20.43 ± 4.565 | |||
After 4 weeks of the intervention | Foot Reflexology | 18.60 ± 5.192 | ||
Aromatherapy | 17.06 ± 5.179 | |||
Placebo | 20.54 ± 3.071 | |||
After 8 weeks of the intervention | Foot Reflexology | 16.80 ± 5.357 | ||
Aromatherapy | 13.20 ± 4.880 | |||
Placebo | 19.51 ± 2.904 | |||
Tests of Fixed Effects | Estimates of Fixed Effects | |||
Source | DF | F | Sig | |
Time | 2102 | 36.89 | 0.001 | a vs. c SE = 0.87, t = 1.04, p = 0.30 b vs. c SE = 0.60, t = 1.69, p = 0.09 |
Group | 2102 | 5.70 | 0.004 | Reflexology vs. Placebo SE = 1.07, t = −2.51, p = 0.01 Aromatherapy vs. Placebo SE = 1.07, t = −5.86, p = 0.001 |
Time*Group | 4102 | 10.06 | 0.001 | Reflexology *,a vs. Placebo *,a SE = 1.24, t = 1.65, p = 0.10 Aromatherapy *,a vs. Placebo *,a SE = 1.24, t = 6.12, p = 0.001 Foot Reflexology *,b vs. Placebo *,a SE = 0.85, t = 0.90, p = 0.37 Aromatherapy *,b vs. Placebo *,a SE = 0.85, t = 3.30, p = 0.001 |
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Ghasemi, M.; Rejeh, N.; Bahrami, T.; Heravi-Karimooi, M.; Tadrisi, S.D.; Vaismoradi, M. Aromatherapy Massage vs. Foot Reflexology on the Severity of Restless Legs Syndrome in Female Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis. Geriatrics 2021, 6, 99. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics6040099
Ghasemi M, Rejeh N, Bahrami T, Heravi-Karimooi M, Tadrisi SD, Vaismoradi M. Aromatherapy Massage vs. Foot Reflexology on the Severity of Restless Legs Syndrome in Female Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis. Geriatrics. 2021; 6(4):99. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics6040099
Chicago/Turabian StyleGhasemi, Mahbobeh, Nahid Rejeh, Tahereh Bahrami, Majideh Heravi-Karimooi, Seyed Davood Tadrisi, and Mojtaba Vaismoradi. 2021. "Aromatherapy Massage vs. Foot Reflexology on the Severity of Restless Legs Syndrome in Female Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis" Geriatrics 6, no. 4: 99. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics6040099