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Volume 10
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10.3390/jcdd10090390
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Review

β1 Adrenergic Receptor Autoantibodies and IgG Subclasses: Current Status and Unsolved Issues

by
Akane Kawai
1,
Yuji Nagatomo
1,*,
Midori Yukino-Iwashita
1,
Ryota Nakazawa
1,
Akira Taruoka
1,
Yusuke Yumita
1,
Asako Takefuji
1,
Risako Yasuda
2,
Takumi Toya
1,
Yukinori Ikegami
1,
Nobuyuki Masaki
2,
Yasuo Ido
1 and
Takeshi Adachi
1
1
Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan
2
Department of Intensive Care, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2023, 10(9), 390; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd10090390
Submission received: 26 July 2023 / Revised: 1 September 2023 / Accepted: 5 September 2023 / Published: 10 September 2023
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Abstract

A wide range of anti-myocardial autoantibodies have been reported since the 1970s. Among them, autoantibodies against the β1-adrenergic receptor (β1AR-AAb) have been the most thoroughly investigated, especially in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Β1AR-Aabs have agonist effects inducing desensitization of β1AR, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and sustained calcium influx which lead to cardiac dysfunction and arrhythmias. Β1AR-Aab has been reported to be detected in approximately 40% of patients with DCM, and the presence of the antibody has been associated with worse clinical outcomes. The removal of anti-myocardial autoantibodies including β1AR-AAb by immunoadsorption is beneficial for the improvement of cardiac function for DCM patients. However, several studies have suggested that its efficacy depended on the removal of AAbs belonging to the IgG3 subclass, not total IgG. IgG subclasses differ in the structure of the Fc region, suggesting that the mechanism of action of β1AR-AAb differs depending on the IgG subclasses. Our previous clinical research demonstrated that the patients with β1AR-AAb better responded to β-blocker therapy, but the following studies found that its response also differed among IgG subclasses. Further studies are needed to elucidate the possible pathogenic role of IgG subclasses of β1AR-AAbs in DCM, and the broad spectrum of cardiovascular diseases including HF with preserved ejection fraction.
Keywords: β1 adrenergic receptor autoantibody; heart failure; dilated cardiomyopathy; immunoadsorption β1 adrenergic receptor autoantibody; heart failure; dilated cardiomyopathy; immunoadsorption

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kawai, A.; Nagatomo, Y.; Yukino-Iwashita, M.; Nakazawa, R.; Taruoka, A.; Yumita, Y.; Takefuji, A.; Yasuda, R.; Toya, T.; Ikegami, Y.; et al. β1 Adrenergic Receptor Autoantibodies and IgG Subclasses: Current Status and Unsolved Issues. J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2023, 10, 390. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd10090390

AMA Style

Kawai A, Nagatomo Y, Yukino-Iwashita M, Nakazawa R, Taruoka A, Yumita Y, Takefuji A, Yasuda R, Toya T, Ikegami Y, et al. β1 Adrenergic Receptor Autoantibodies and IgG Subclasses: Current Status and Unsolved Issues. Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease. 2023; 10(9):390. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd10090390

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kawai, Akane, Yuji Nagatomo, Midori Yukino-Iwashita, Ryota Nakazawa, Akira Taruoka, Yusuke Yumita, Asako Takefuji, Risako Yasuda, Takumi Toya, Yukinori Ikegami, and et al. 2023. "β1 Adrenergic Receptor Autoantibodies and IgG Subclasses: Current Status and Unsolved Issues" Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease 10, no. 9: 390. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd10090390

APA Style

Kawai, A., Nagatomo, Y., Yukino-Iwashita, M., Nakazawa, R., Taruoka, A., Yumita, Y., Takefuji, A., Yasuda, R., Toya, T., Ikegami, Y., Masaki, N., Ido, Y., & Adachi, T. (2023). β1 Adrenergic Receptor Autoantibodies and IgG Subclasses: Current Status and Unsolved Issues. Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease, 10(9), 390. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd10090390

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