Study on Enzyme Activity and Metabolomics during Culture of Liquid Spawn of Floccularia luteovirens
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Tested Strains
2.2. Main Instruments and Equipment
2.3. Culture Medium Preparation and Liquid Spawn Culture
2.4. Sample Collection and Physiological Index Measurement
2.5. Non-Targeted Metabolomics Analysis by GC-MS and LC-MS Coupling
2.5.1. Sample Pretreatment
2.5.2. LC-MS Conditions
2.5.3. GC-MS Conditions
2.5.4. Data Preprocessing and Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Changes in Four Physiological Indexes of F. luteovirens Liquid Spawn
3.2. Activity Changes in Seven Enzymes in F. luteovirens Liquid Spawn
3.3. Comprehensive Analysis of Primary Metabolites of F. luteovirens Liquid Spawn
3.4. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of Mycelium at Different Culture Stages
3.5. Orthogonal Partial Least Squares (OPLS-DA) Analysis
3.6. Statistical Analysis of Differential Metabolites
3.7. Comparative Analysis of Differential Metabolites
3.8. KEGG Pathway Enrichment Analysis of Differential Metabolites
4. Discussion and Conclusions
4.1. Analysis of Changes in Enzyme Activity of F. luteovirens Liquid Spawn
4.2. Analysis of Metabolic Products of F. luteovirens Mycelium
4.3. Differential Metabolic Pathway Analysis
5. Summary
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Types of Metabolites | F.l-10d vs. F.l-20d | F.l-20d vs. F.l-30d | F.l-10d vs. F.l-30d | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | UP | Down | Total | UP | Down | Total | UP | Down | |
Azacyclic compounds | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 4 |
Furans | 5 | 1 | 4 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 4 | 3 |
Nucleotides and derivatives | 8 | 1 | 7 | 11 | 6 | 5 | 11 | 3 | 8 |
Flavonoids | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
Harmala alkaloids | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
Pteridines and derivatives | 5 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 3 |
Glycerophospholipids | 32 | 10 | 22 | 27 | 19 | 8 | 29 | 8 | 21 |
Lactones | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 2 |
Organic phosphoric acids and derivatives | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 |
Phenols | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 3 |
Benzene and substituted derivatives | 11 | 4 | 7 | 9 | 4 | 5 | 13 | 6 | 7 |
Biotin and derivatives | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Carboxylic acids and derivatives | 69 | 22 | 47 | 85 | 21 | 64 | 95 | 28 | 67 |
Cinnamic acids and derivatives | 3 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
Benzodiazepines | 4 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 3 |
Fatty acyls | 43 | 6 | 37 | 43 | 21 | 22 | 52 | 12 | 40 |
Hydroxy acids and derivatives | 4 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 1 | 6 |
Indoles and their derivatives | 3 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 3 |
Keto acids and derivatives | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 2 |
Organonitrogen compounds | 6 | 1 | 5 | 7 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 2 | 5 |
Organooxygen compounds | 42 | 18 | 24 | 38 | 17 | 21 | 53 | 22 | 31 |
Prenol lipids | 12 | 1 | 11 | 9 | 4 | 5 | 17 | 3 | 14 |
Steroids and steroid derivatives | 14 | 2 | 12 | 13 | 1 | 12 | 25 | 2 | 23 |
Other | 17 | 10 | 17 | 11 | 6 | 5 | 22 | 13 | 9 |
Total | 299 | 88 | 221 | 291 | 120 | 171 | 381 | 122 | 259 |
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Ni, Y.; Liao, Q.; Gou, S.; Shi, T.; Li, W.; Feng, R.; Zhao, Z.; Zhao, X. Study on Enzyme Activity and Metabolomics during Culture of Liquid Spawn of Floccularia luteovirens. J. Fungi 2024, 10, 618. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10090618
Ni Y, Liao Q, Gou S, Shi T, Li W, Feng R, Zhao Z, Zhao X. Study on Enzyme Activity and Metabolomics during Culture of Liquid Spawn of Floccularia luteovirens. Journal of Fungi. 2024; 10(9):618. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10090618
Chicago/Turabian StyleNi, Yanqing, Qiuhong Liao, Siyuan Gou, Tongjia Shi, Wensheng Li, Rencai Feng, Zhiqiang Zhao, and Xu Zhao. 2024. "Study on Enzyme Activity and Metabolomics during Culture of Liquid Spawn of Floccularia luteovirens" Journal of Fungi 10, no. 9: 618. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10090618