Virulence Factors and Antifungal Susceptibility Profile of C. tropicalis Isolated from Various Clinical Specimens in Alexandria, Egypt
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sampling
2.2. Identification
2.3. Antifungal Susceptibility Testing
2.4. Assessment of Virulence Factors
2.5. Determination of Biofilm Formation
3. Results
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statements
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Antifungal Agent | Sensitivity | Dose-Dependent Susceptibility | Resistance |
---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
(I) Azoles | |||
Fluconazole | 41(57.75) | 4(5.63) | 26(36.62) |
Voriconazole | 43(60.56) | 23(32.39) | 5(7.04) |
(II) Echinocandins | |||
Caspofungin | 71(100) | 0(0) | 0(0) |
Micafungin | 71(100) | 0(0) | 0(0) |
(III) Flucytosine | 71(100) | 0(0) | 0(0) |
(IV) Amphotericin B | 71(100) | 0(0) | 0(0) |
MIC (µg/mL) | C. tropicalis Isolates (n = 71) | Percentage (%) |
---|---|---|
Fluconazole | ||
≤1 | 41 | 57.75 |
2 | 0 | 0 |
4 | 4 | 5.63 |
8 | 13 | 18.31 |
16 | 1 | 1.41 |
32 | 10 | 14.08 |
≥64 | 2 | 2.82 |
Voriconazole | ||
≤0.12 | 43 | 60.56 |
0.25 | 14 | 19.72 |
0.5 | 9 | 12.68 |
1 | 3 | 4.23 |
2 | 2 | 2.82 |
Sample Type | Biofilm Non-Forming Isolates. n (%) | Biofilm Forming Isolates. n (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Weak | Moderate | Strong | ||
Urine (n = 49) | 4(8.16%) | 22(44.9%) | 23(46.94%) | |
Respiratory (n = 13) | 1(7.69%) | 3(23.08%) | 1(7.69%) | 8 61.54%) |
Blood (n = 7) | 1(14.29%) | 6(85.71%) | ||
Skin and soft tissue (n = 2) | 1(50%) | 1(50%) | ||
Total (n = 71) | 1(1.4%) | 7(9.86%) | 25(35.21%) | 38(53.52%) |
Biofilm Formation | Azole Susceptible Isolates n (%) | Azole Non-Susceptible Isolates n (%) |
---|---|---|
No | 0(0%) | 1(1.4%) |
Weak | 7(9.86%) | 0(0%) |
Moderate | 4(5.63%) | 21(29.58%) |
Strong | 30(42.25%) | 8(11.27%) |
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El-Kholy, M.A.; Helaly, G.F.; El Ghazzawi, E.F.; El-Sawaf, G.; Shawky, S.M. Virulence Factors and Antifungal Susceptibility Profile of C. tropicalis Isolated from Various Clinical Specimens in Alexandria, Egypt. J. Fungi 2021, 7, 351. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7050351
El-Kholy MA, Helaly GF, El Ghazzawi EF, El-Sawaf G, Shawky SM. Virulence Factors and Antifungal Susceptibility Profile of C. tropicalis Isolated from Various Clinical Specimens in Alexandria, Egypt. Journal of Fungi. 2021; 7(5):351. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7050351
Chicago/Turabian StyleEl-Kholy, Mohammed A., Ghada F. Helaly, Ebtisam F. El Ghazzawi, Gamal El-Sawaf, and Sherine M. Shawky. 2021. "Virulence Factors and Antifungal Susceptibility Profile of C. tropicalis Isolated from Various Clinical Specimens in Alexandria, Egypt" Journal of Fungi 7, no. 5: 351. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7050351