Keratinases Produced by Aspergillus stelliformis, Aspergillus sydowii, and Fusarium brachygibbosum Isolated from Human Hair: Yield and Activity
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Keratin Powder Preparation
2.2. Preliminary Experiment/Submerged Fermentation
2.3. Keratinase Activity Assay
2.4. Molecular Identification of the Potent Strains
2.5. Experiment to Produce Keratinases Using the Three Most Active Strains
2.6. Effect of PH and Temperature on the Activity of Partially Purified Keratinases
3. Results
3.1. Preliminary Experiment
3.2. Fungi Producing Active Microbial Keratinases
3.3. Yield and Activity of Keratinases
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Fungal Species | AUMC No. | Relative Activity IU mL−1 min−1 |
---|---|---|
Alternaria alternata (Fries) Keissler | 10926 | 689 ± 42 |
Alternaria alternata (Fries) Keissler | 10932 | 1680 ± 120 |
Alternaria botrytis Woudenberg and Crous | 10931 | 1211 ± 98 |
Alternaria botrytis Woudenberg and Crous | 10936 | 1018 ± 87 |
Alternaria chlamydosporigena Woudenberg and Crous | 10915 | 1398 ± 154 |
Aspergillus nidulans Winter | 10933 | 935 ± 70 |
Aspergillus niger van Tieghem | 10912 | 52 ± 23 |
Aspergillus stelliformis F. Sklenar, Jurjević and Hubka | 10920 | 3336 ± 169 |
Aspergillus sydowii (Bainier and Sartory) Thom and Church | 10935 | 3523 ± 188 |
Aspergillus ustus (Bainier) Thom and Church | 10934 | 2091 ± 197 |
Aureobasidium pullulans (de Bary) Arnaud | 10914 | 129 ± 11 |
Chaetomium globosum Kunze | 10941 | 1600 ± 156 |
Curvularia tsudae (Tsuda & Ueyama) Deng, Tan and Shivas | 10940 | 570 ± 85 |
Fusarium brachygibbosum Padwick | 10937 | 3554 ± 189 |
Nodulisporium sp. | 10916 | 270 ± 20 |
Penicillium chrysogenum Thom | 10913 | 589 ± 11 |
Penicillium glabrum (Wehmer) Westling | 10929 | 218 ± 49 |
Phoma herbarum Westend | 10919 | 258 ± 12 |
Pyrenophora dematioidea (Bubák & Wróbl.) Rossman and K.D. Hyde | 10930 | 580 ± 33 |
Pyrenophora dematioidea (Bubák & Wróbl.) Rossman and K.D. Hyde | 10938 | 512 ± 15 |
Control Activity KUg−1 Enzyme | 113 | 121 | 130 |
---|---|---|---|
Inhibitor | A. stelliformis | A. sydowii | F. brachygibbosum |
FeSO4 | 28 ± 4 | 27 ± 2 | 24 ± 3 |
ZnSO4 | 29 ± 3 | 18 ± 2 | 23 ± 4 |
CaCl2 | 34 ± 6 | 22 ± 6 | 22 ± 4 |
CuSO4 | 28 ± 3 | 22 ± 5 | 23 ± 2 |
NiCl2 | 30 ± 4 | 58 ± 9 | 45 ± 4 |
CoCl2 | 76 ± 8 | 33 ± 8 | 27 ± 4 |
MgSO4 | 27 ± 5 | 17 ± 5 | 53 ± 8 |
EDTA | 7 ± 1 | 17 ± 4 | 52 ± 6 |
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Alwakeel, S.S.; Ameen, F.; Al Gwaiz, H.; Sonbol, H.; Alghamdi, S.; Moharram, A.M.; Al-Bedak, O.A. Keratinases Produced by Aspergillus stelliformis, Aspergillus sydowii, and Fusarium brachygibbosum Isolated from Human Hair: Yield and Activity. J. Fungi 2021, 7, 471. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7060471
Alwakeel SS, Ameen F, Al Gwaiz H, Sonbol H, Alghamdi S, Moharram AM, Al-Bedak OA. Keratinases Produced by Aspergillus stelliformis, Aspergillus sydowii, and Fusarium brachygibbosum Isolated from Human Hair: Yield and Activity. Journal of Fungi. 2021; 7(6):471. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7060471
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlwakeel, Suaad S., Fuad Ameen, Hussah Al Gwaiz, Hana Sonbol, Salma Alghamdi, Ahmad M. Moharram, and Osama A. Al-Bedak. 2021. "Keratinases Produced by Aspergillus stelliformis, Aspergillus sydowii, and Fusarium brachygibbosum Isolated from Human Hair: Yield and Activity" Journal of Fungi 7, no. 6: 471. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7060471