Sgh1, an SR-like Protein, Is Involved in Fungal Development, Plant Infection, and Pre-mRNA Processing in Fusarium graminearum
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Bioinformatics Analyses
2.2. Fungal Strains and Culture Conditions
2.3. Generation of Δsgh1 Mutants
2.4. Generation of the SGH1-, SGH1ΔRS-, SGH1ΔRRM1-, SGH1ΔRRM2-, and SGH1ΔRRM3-GFP
2.5. Plant Infection and DON Production Assays
2.6. Yeast Two-Hybrid and Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation (BiFC) Assays
2.7. RNA-Seq Analysis
2.8. CFW and DAPI Staining
2.9. Quantification of Nuclear/Cytoplasmic Intensity Ratio of Fluorescence
3. Results
3.1. FGRAMPH1_01T26155 Encodes a Conserved SR-like Protein in Filamentous Ascomycetes
3.2. The Δsgh1 Mutant Is Defective in Vegetative Growth, Conidiogenesis, and Sexual Reproduction
Strain | Brief Description | Reference |
---|---|---|
PH-1 | Wild-type strain | [43] |
M6, M14, M16 | SGH1 deletion mutant of PH-1 | This study |
CP2 | Transformant of M16 expressing SGH1-GFP construct | This study |
DRS2 | Transformant of M16 expressing SGH1ΔRS-GFP construct | This study |
DRRM1-1 | Transformant of M16 expressing SGH1ΔRRM1-GFP construct | This study |
DRRM2-2 | Transformant of M16 expressing SGH1ΔRRM2-GFP construct | This study |
RRRM3-2 | Transformant of M16 expressing SGH1ΔRRM3-GFP construct | This study |
BFSS-5 | Transformant of PH-1 expressing SRK1ΔS-YFPN and SGH1-YFPC constructs | This study |
DSSG-3 | Transformant of Δsrk1 mutant expressing SGH1-GFP construct | This study |
Strain | Growth Rate | Conidiation | Perithecia Formation | DON (μg/g) d |
---|---|---|---|---|
(mm/d) a | (105 Spores/mL) b | (Perithecia/cm2) c | ||
PH-1 | 7.5 ± 0.1 a | 24.41 ± 2.79 a | 665.7 ± 88.8 a | 1436.36 ± 19.53 a |
M16 | 4.5 ± 0.1 b | 6.81 ± 1.53 b | 0 b | 585.91 ± 55.50 b |
CP2 | 7.5 ± 0.3 a | 25.87 ± 2.6 a | 676.0 ± 83.7 a | 1497.24 ± 23.76 a |
DRS2 | 7.4 ± 0.1 a | 21.86 ± 1.29 a | 708.8 ± 123.4 a | 1381.97 ± 284.16 ac |
DRRM1-1 | 7.3 ± 0.2 a | 22.41 ± 0.65 a | 713.4 ± 93.1 a | 1191.93 ± 209.51 c |
DRRM2-2 | 7.4 ± 0.2 a | 20.93 ± 0.22 a | 670.3 ± 80.8 a | 911.96 ± 251.08 c |
DRRM3-2 | 5.6 ± 0.1 c | 11.16 ± 0.61 c | 340.2 ± 85.9 c | 637.99 ± 38.06 b |
3.3. SGH1 Plays a Critical Role in Plant Infection
3.4. The Δsgh1 Deletion Mutant Showed Increased Sensitivity to Osmotic and Cell Wall Stresses
3.5. Subcellular Localization of Sgh1-GFP Fusion Protein
3.6. Sgh1 Regulates RNA Splicing and Gene Transcription
3.7. The RS Domain Is Important for Both Functions and Nuclear Localization of Sgh1
3.8. Functional Characterization of the Three RRM Domains of Sgh1
3.9. Sgh1 Physically Interacts with the SR Protein-Specific Kinase Srk1
3.10. Deletion of SRK1 Kinase Does Not Affect the Subcellular Localization of Sgh1-GFP
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Wang, G.; Sun, P.; Sun, Z.; Zhu, J.; Yu, D.; Tang, Z.; Wang, Z.; Wang, C.; Zheng, H. Sgh1, an SR-like Protein, Is Involved in Fungal Development, Plant Infection, and Pre-mRNA Processing in Fusarium graminearum. J. Fungi 2022, 8, 1056. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8101056
Wang G, Sun P, Sun Z, Zhu J, Yu D, Tang Z, Wang Z, Wang C, Zheng H. Sgh1, an SR-like Protein, Is Involved in Fungal Development, Plant Infection, and Pre-mRNA Processing in Fusarium graminearum. Journal of Fungi. 2022; 8(10):1056. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8101056
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Guanghui, Peng Sun, Zhongjuan Sun, Jindong Zhu, Dan Yu, Zhe Tang, Zonghua Wang, Chenfang Wang, and Huawei Zheng. 2022. "Sgh1, an SR-like Protein, Is Involved in Fungal Development, Plant Infection, and Pre-mRNA Processing in Fusarium graminearum" Journal of Fungi 8, no. 10: 1056. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8101056