Stability of the Fungal Pigment from Scytalidium cuboideum Carried in Food-Grade Natural Oils
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Fungal Growth and Pigment Extraction
2.2. Oil Saturation
2.3. Oil Preparation
2.4. Color Reading
2.5. FTIR
2.6. Light Microscopy
2.7. SEM
3. Results
3.1. Oil Saturation
3.2. Color Loss
3.3. FTIR
3.4. Microscopy
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Oil Type | Unadjusted | Stoddard Solvent | α-Tocopherol | β-Carotene |
---|---|---|---|---|
Flaxseed oil | 72 h | 24 h | 45 days | No sig. change |
Hemp seed oil | 60 days | 7 days | 60 days | No sig. change |
MCT oil | 24 h | 24 h | 24 h | 24 h |
Cold-pressed linseed oil | No sig. change | 7 days | 72 h | 72 h |
Oil | Treatment | Range of Mean ΔL | Range of Mean ΔC | Range of Mean ΔH |
---|---|---|---|---|
Flaxseed | Control | 1.019 | 0.600 | 1.066 |
Flaxseed | Stoddard solvent | 1.530 | 2.740 | 0.540 |
Flaxseed | α-tocopherol | 1.811 | 1.271 | 0.197 |
Flaxseed | β-carotene | 0.382 | 0.292 | 0.107 |
Hemp seed | Control | 0.652 | 0.782 | 0.266 |
Hemp seed | Stoddard solvent | 1.513 | 1.995 | 0.461 |
Hemp seed | α-tocopherol | 1.250 | 0.644 | 0.282 |
Hemp seed | β-carotene | 1.187 | 0.624 | 0.319 |
Linseed | Control | 0.913 | 0.521 | 0.289 |
Linseed | Stoddard solvent | 1.207 | 0.874 | 0.183 |
Linseed | α-tocopherol | 1.141 | 0.349 | 0.188 |
Linseed | β-carotene | 0.502 | 0.410 | 0.219 |
MCT | Control | 0.915 | 0.995 | 0.381 |
MCT | Stoddard solvent | 1.803 | 1.494 | 0.372 |
MCT | α-tocopherol | 2.315 | 2.301 | 0.908 |
MCT | β-carotene | 1.763 | 3.017 | 0.738 |
Band | Initial Frequency (cm−1) | Chemical Correspondences | Expected Change with Oxidation | Oxidation Stage |
---|---|---|---|---|
A | 3467–3470 | Formation of hydroperoxides | Shift to 3348, 3437, or 3558 cm−1 and increase in intensity | FS |
C | 2854 | Symmetric and Asymmetric stretching of aliphatic CH2 functional groups 2 | Slow increase to 2855 cm−1 | FS to SS |
D | 1746 | Ester carbonyl functional groups of triglycerides 1 | Shift to 1743 cm−1 | End of SS |
E | 1654 | Carbon–carbon double bonds of cis-olefins 1 | Decrease in intensity to disappears | End of SS |
F | 1630 | α, β-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones 3 | Appears | End of SS |
G | 1417 | Rocking vibrations of CH bonds of cis-distributed Olefins 1 | Sharp decrease to 1416 cm−1 | After FS |
H | 1163 | Saturated acyl groups 4 | Shift to 1166–1167 cm−1 | SS |
J | 983 or 985 | Bending vibrations of CH trans, trans-conjugated olefinic double bonds 5,* | Shift to 988 cm−1 | Beginning of SS |
Oil | Treatment | Time of Possible First Evidence of SS Oxidation (Days) | Time of First Visible Color Change (Days) |
---|---|---|---|
Flaxseed | Control | 30 | 1 |
Flaxseed | β-carotene | 45 | N/A |
Flaxseed | Stoddard Solvent | 30 | 7 |
Flaxseed | α-tocopherol | 60 | 60 |
Hemp seed | Control | 45 | N/A |
Hemp seed | β-carotene | 60 | N/A |
Hemp seed | Stoddard Solvent | 45 | 1 |
Hemp seed | α-tocopherol | 60 | N/A |
Cold-pressed linseed | Control | 60 | 14 |
Cold-pressed linseed | β-carotene | 14 | N/A |
Cold-pressed linseed | Stoddard Solvent | 45 | 7 |
Cold-pressed linseed | α-tocopherol | 60 | 1 |
MCT | Control | 60 | 3 |
MCT | β-carotene | 45 | 1 |
MCT | Stoddard Solvent | 30 | 1 |
MCT | α-tocopherol | 60 | 1 |
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Hinsch, E.; Vega Gutierrez, S.M.; Van Court, R.C.; Chen, H.-L.; Robinson, S.C. Stability of the Fungal Pigment from Scytalidium cuboideum Carried in Food-Grade Natural Oils. J. Fungi 2022, 8, 276. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8030276
Hinsch E, Vega Gutierrez SM, Van Court RC, Chen H-L, Robinson SC. Stability of the Fungal Pigment from Scytalidium cuboideum Carried in Food-Grade Natural Oils. Journal of Fungi. 2022; 8(3):276. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8030276
Chicago/Turabian StyleHinsch, Eric, Sarath M. Vega Gutierrez, R. C. Van Court, Hsiou-Lien Chen, and Seri C. Robinson. 2022. "Stability of the Fungal Pigment from Scytalidium cuboideum Carried in Food-Grade Natural Oils" Journal of Fungi 8, no. 3: 276. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8030276