Ethylene Promotes Expression of the Appressorium- and Pathogenicity-Related Genes via GPCR- and MAPK-Dependent Manners in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Fungal Pathogen and Host Plant Materials
2.2. Ethylene Treatment and Sample Preparation
2.3. Total RNA Extraction
2.4. Library Preparation and RNA Sequencing
2.5. Transcriptomic Data Analysis
2.6. Quantitative Real-Time Reverse Transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) Analysis
2.7. Fungal Transformation
2.8. Fluorescence-Based Reporter Assay
2.9. Appressorial Formation and Pathogenicity Assay
2.10. Staining Analysis for Reactive Oxygen Species in Plant Leaves
2.11. FDA-PI Dual Fluorescence Staining
2.12. Calcofluor White-EosinY Double Fluorescence Staining
2.13. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Ethylene Accelerated Conidial Germination, Appressorium Formation, and Pathogenicity of C. gloeosporioides
3.2. ET Treatment Altered Transcript Levels of a Large Set of Genes in Germinating Conidia of C. gloeosporioides
3.3. Functional Enrichment Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes
3.4. Hydrophobic Surface Binding Protein A and Cutinase-Related Genes Were Induced by ET Treatment at the Early Germinating Stage
3.5. ET Promoted the Melanin Synthesis and Chitin Deacetylation at the Appressorial Cell Wall
3.6. Pathogenicity Enhancement of C. gloeosporioides in Response to ET Was Partially Dependent on the Upregulation of Melanin Synthase and Effector Genes
3.7. ET Promoting Appressorium Formation and Virulence Was Dependent on MAPK and GPCR Pathways
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Strain Name | Genotype Description | Strain Source |
---|---|---|
WT | Wild-type C. gloeosporioides (EX2016-02) | [41] |
Cg-gfp | Fluorescent strain of C. gloeosporioides | In this study |
ΔCgcap22 | Appressorium structural protein null mutant | In this study |
ΔCgscd1 | Scytalone dehydratase null mutant | [42] |
ΔCgcp1 | Cerato-platanin protein null mutant | In this study |
ΔCgmk1 | MAPK null mutant | In this study |
ΔCgste11 | MEK kinase null mutant | In this study |
ΔCggpcr3-1 | G-protein-coupled receptor 3-1 null mutant | In this study |
ΔCggpcr3-2 | G-protein-coupled receptor 3-2 null mutant | In this study |
ΔCggpcr3-1/2 | G-protein-coupled receptors 3-1 and 3-2 double deletion mutant | In this study |
PCGLO_03844-gfp | Transgenic strain expressing GFP driven by CGLO_03844 promoter | In this study |
PCGLO_13252-gfp | Transgenic strain expressing GFP driven by CGLO_13252 promoter | In this study |
Id | log2FC | Description | Length (aa) | Domain |
---|---|---|---|---|
CGLO_15589 | 5.0674 | DJ-1/PfpI family protein | 248 | GATase1_PfpI_2 (34–229) |
CGLO_07422 | 4.8147 | extracellular-serine-rich protein | 198 | Cupredoxin (53–154) |
CGLO_11351 | 4.7586 | hypothetical protein | 208 | SodA (5–193) |
CGLO_03249 | 4.6034 | hypothetical protein | 354 | M35_deuterolysin_like (168–343) |
CGLO_07611 | 4.6008 | hypothetical protein | 218 | LPMO_auxiliary-like (21–138) |
CGLO_14431 | 4.5783 | hypothetical protein | 237 | nucleoside_deaminase (65–151) |
CGLO_03844 | 4.4491 | cell wall protein | 223 | HsbA (29–150) |
CGLO_02789 | 4.339 | catalase | 504 | catalase_fungal (44–492) |
CGLO_05804 | 4.2188 | WSC-domain-containing protein | 446 | WSC (43–122,152–227,255–332) |
CGLO_00547 | 4.1784 | hypothetical protein | 167 | HsbA (4–123) |
CGLO_13252 | 4.1765 | hypothetical protein | 319 | HsbA (27–146) |
CGLO_11882 | 4.018 | cas1-appressorium-specific protein | 241 | DUF3129 (19–193) |
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Ren, D.; Wang, T.; Zhou, G.; Ren, W.; Duan, X.; Gao, L.; Chen, J.; Xu, L.; Zhu, P. Ethylene Promotes Expression of the Appressorium- and Pathogenicity-Related Genes via GPCR- and MAPK-Dependent Manners in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. J. Fungi 2022, 8, 570. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8060570
Ren D, Wang T, Zhou G, Ren W, Duan X, Gao L, Chen J, Xu L, Zhu P. Ethylene Promotes Expression of the Appressorium- and Pathogenicity-Related Genes via GPCR- and MAPK-Dependent Manners in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Journal of Fungi. 2022; 8(6):570. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8060570
Chicago/Turabian StyleRen, Dandan, Tan Wang, Ganghan Zhou, Weiheng Ren, Xiaomin Duan, Lin Gao, Jiaxu Chen, Ling Xu, and Pinkuan Zhu. 2022. "Ethylene Promotes Expression of the Appressorium- and Pathogenicity-Related Genes via GPCR- and MAPK-Dependent Manners in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides" Journal of Fungi 8, no. 6: 570. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8060570