Genomic and Chemical Profiling of B9, a Unique Penicillium Fungus Derived from Sponge
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Stains
2.2. Species Identification
2.3. Intraspecies Comparison
2.4. Whole Genome Sequencing
2.5. Functional Genome Annotation
2.6. Extractions of Secondary Metabolites (SMs)
2.7. In Vitro PD-1/PD-L1 Binding Assay
2.8. Docking Studies
3. Results
3.1. Species Identification of Strain B9
3.2. Genome Sequencing
3.3. Genomic Functional Annotation
3.4. Prediction of the Biosynthetic Gene Clusters (BGCs)
3.5. SMs Isolation and Chemical Characterization
3.6. Biological Activities of New Compounds
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
MEA | malt extract agar |
BGC | biosynthetic gene cluster |
NMR | nuclear magnetic resonance |
MS | mass spectrometry |
ECD | electronic circular dichroism |
PD-1 | programmed cell death protein 1 |
PD-L1 | programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 |
SM | secondary metabolite |
BK | big potassium |
ITS | internal transcribed spacer |
MEGA7 | Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis 7 |
KOG | Cluster of Orthologous Groups of proteins |
KEGG | Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes |
antiSMASH | antibiotics & Secondary Metabolite Analysis Shell |
NRPS | nonribosomal peptide synthase |
PKS | polyketide synthase |
AChE | acetylcholine esterase |
MIBiG | Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene cluster (MIBiG) |
HRESIMS | high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy |
HMBC | heteronuclear multiple bond correlation |
HTRF | homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence |
PDA | potato dextrose agar |
LPCB | lactophenol cotton blue |
BLAST | Basic Local Alignment Search Tool |
PBS | phosphate buffered saline |
HPLC | high-performance liquid chromatography |
CaM | calmodulin |
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Genome | Value |
---|---|
Assembly size (Mp) | 32.96 |
G + C (%) | 47.7 |
Assembled scaffolds | 185 |
N50 length (bp) | 1,131,010 |
average length (bp) | 186,810 |
Predicted Protein-Coding Genes | 11,110 |
average length of Predicted Protein-Coding Genes (bp) | 1545.92 |
average depth of reads cover | 189.27 |
total non-coding RNA | 269 |
Sequencing Method | Illumina HiSeq |
No. | 13C NMR | 1H NMR | HMBC |
---|---|---|---|
1 | |||
2 | 170.7 | ||
3 | 109.7 | ||
4 | 191.8 | ||
5 | 42.8 | 2.49 (1H, dd, 15.9, 5.2); 2.34 (1H, dd, 15.9, 6.2) | C10, C6, C4, C3 |
6 | 47.0 | 3.76 (m) | C10, C5, C4, C2 |
7 | 198.9 | ||
8 | 31.2 | 2.41 (3H, s) | C7 |
9 | 21.2 | 2.37 (3H, s) | C2 |
10 | 17.8 | 1.32 (3H, d, 6.6) | C6, C5, C4 |
No. | 13C NMR | 1H NMR | HMBC |
---|---|---|---|
1 | |||
2 | 179.7 | ||
3 | 107.9 | ||
4 | 201.6 | ||
5 | 39.2 | 2.87 (1H, d, 15.2); 2.62 (1H, d, 15.2) | C4, C5, C6, C9 |
6 | 77.3 | ||
7 | 197.1 | ||
8 | 27.3 | 2.42 (3H, s) | C3, C7 |
9 | 30.1 | 1.66 (1H, dt, 17.5, 6,2); 1.73 (1H, dt, 17.5,6.2) | C4, C5, C6, C10 |
10 | 6.85 | 0.89 (3H, t, 6.2) | C6, C9 |
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Chen, C.; Qi, J.; He, Y.; Lu, Y.; Wang, Y. Genomic and Chemical Profiling of B9, a Unique Penicillium Fungus Derived from Sponge. J. Fungi 2022, 8, 686. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8070686
Chen C, Qi J, He Y, Lu Y, Wang Y. Genomic and Chemical Profiling of B9, a Unique Penicillium Fungus Derived from Sponge. Journal of Fungi. 2022; 8(7):686. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8070686
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Chaoyi, Jiangfeng Qi, Yajing He, Yuanyuan Lu, and Ying Wang. 2022. "Genomic and Chemical Profiling of B9, a Unique Penicillium Fungus Derived from Sponge" Journal of Fungi 8, no. 7: 686. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8070686