Effects of Volatile Organic Compounds Produced by Pseudomonas aurantiaca ST-TJ4 against Verticillium dahliae
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Strain and Growth Conditions
2.2. Effects of ST-TJ4 VOCs on V. dahliae Radial Growth
2.3. Effects of ST-TJ4 VOCs on V. dahliae Mycelial Biomass
2.4. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
2.5. Effects of ST-TJ4 VOCs on V. dahliae Conidia Germination
2.6. Effects of ST-TJ4 VOCs on V. dahliae Microsclerotia Formation
2.7. Effects of ST-TJ4 VOCs on V. dahliae Melanin Genes Expression
2.8. Effects of ST-TJ4 VOCs on V. dahliae Melanin Production
2.9. Effects of ST-TJ4 VOCs on V. dahliae Inoculated Cotton Seedlings
2.10. Identification of VOCs by GC/MS Analysis
2.11. Effects of Synthetic VOCs on V. dahliae Radial Growth
2.12. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Effect of VOCs Produced by P. aurantiaca ST-TJ4 on V. dahliae Growth
3.2. Effect of VOCs Produced by P. aurantiaca ST-TJ4 on V. dahliae Hyphae Morphology
3.3. Effect of VOCs Produced by P. aurantiaca ST-TJ4 on V. dahliae Spore Germination
3.4. Effect of VOCs Produced by P. aurantiaca ST-TJ4 on V. dahliae Microsclerotia Formation
3.5. Effects of ST-TJ4 VOCs on V. dahliae Melanin Formation
3.6. Inhibition by the VOCs Produced by ST-TJ4 Strain of Infection by V. dahliae
3.7. Identification of VOCs by GC/MS Analysis
3.8. Effects of Synthetic VOCs on V. dahliae Radial Growth
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Primer | Sequence (5′–3′) | Gene Name |
---|---|---|
VDAG-00183-F | GAAGGGTGTGACTGTCAATG | VdT3HR |
VDAG-00183-R | TTGATCCACTCGCAGTCTTC | |
VDAG-00190-F | CTTGACGACGTGAACGTTAC | VdPKS |
VDAG-00190-R | GCTGTCTCAACACAGAGTTC | |
VDAG-02273-F | CTATTGCGACGATTGCTCTG | VdHYD |
VDAG-02273-R | AACGGCCAGACCAAGAATAC | |
VDAG-03393-F | GAGTTCCTCGCCATGATCTC | VdSCD |
VDAG-03393-R | TACTCGCTCCAACGAATCTC | |
VDAG-03665-F | AGGTCGTACAAGCCATCAAG | VdT4HR |
VDAG-03665-R | CTCGCGTGTTGATGTTGAAG | |
β-tubulin-F | TTTCCAGATCACCCACTCC | Reference gene |
β-tubulin-R | ACGACCGAGAAGGTAGCC |
Retention Time (min) | Relative Peak Area (%) | CAS# | Compound |
---|---|---|---|
7.77 | 0.56 ± 0.02 | 5874-90-8 | 2-Heptanone |
5.64 | 0.7 ± 0.04 | 1066-42-8 | Silanediol, dimethyl- |
7.77 | 0.56 ± 0.02 | 110-43-0 | 2-Heptanone |
11.73 | 46.26 ± 2.19 | 821-95-4 | 1-Undecene |
12.85 | 0.47 ± 0.15 | 143-08-8 | 1-Nonanol |
14.53 | 1.1 ± 0.06 | NA | 5-Isopropenyl-2-methyl-7-oxabicyclo [4.1.0]heptan-2-ol |
14.62 | 0.35 | NA | E-1,6-Undecadiene |
14.81 | 13.76 ± 0.65 | 86428-60-6 | 4-Acetonylcycloheptanone |
14.94 | 20.82 ± 0.62 | 112-12-9 | 2-Undecanone |
15.16 | 1.32 ± 0.12 | 143-13-5 | Acetic acid, nonyl ester |
15.77 | 0.41 ± 0.03 | 53447-47-5 | Lilac aldehyde D |
16.51 | 1.74 ± 0.38 | 830-13-7 | Cyclododecanone |
17.84 | 7.27 ± 0.4 | 81634-99-3 | 3-Decen-1-ol, acetate, (Z)- |
18.19 | 1.61 ± 0.15 | 593-08-8 | 2-Tridecanone |
18.34 | 0.46 ± 0.03 | 4704-31-8 | Vinyl decanoate |
19.5 | 0.31 ± 0.12 | 16778-27-1 | 2(3H)-Benzofuranone, hexahydro-4,4,7a-trimethyl- |
20.19 | 0.98 ± 0.07 | 56600-19-2 | 6-Octadecynenitrile |
20.46 | 0.55 ± 0.04 | 88592-11-4 | Hexadecenenitrile |
20.89 | 0.33 ± 0.02 | 502-72-7 | Cyclopentadecanone |
25.33 | 0.81 ± 0.21 | 630-01-3 | Hexacosane |
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Ni, H.; Kong, W.-L.; Zhang, Y.; Wu, X.-Q. Effects of Volatile Organic Compounds Produced by Pseudomonas aurantiaca ST-TJ4 against Verticillium dahliae. J. Fungi 2022, 8, 697. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8070697
Ni H, Kong W-L, Zhang Y, Wu X-Q. Effects of Volatile Organic Compounds Produced by Pseudomonas aurantiaca ST-TJ4 against Verticillium dahliae. Journal of Fungi. 2022; 8(7):697. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8070697
Chicago/Turabian StyleNi, Hang, Wei-Liang Kong, Yu Zhang, and Xiao-Qin Wu. 2022. "Effects of Volatile Organic Compounds Produced by Pseudomonas aurantiaca ST-TJ4 against Verticillium dahliae" Journal of Fungi 8, no. 7: 697. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8070697