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Article

Characteristics of Biofilms Formed by C. parapsilosis Causing an Outbreak in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

by
Atsushi Miyake
1,2,
Kenji Gotoh
1,2,*,
Jun Iwahashi
1,
Akinobu Togo
3,
Rie Horita
4,
Miho Miura
1,
Masahiro Kinoshita
2,
Keisuke Ohta
3,
Yushiro Yamashita
2 and
Hiroshi Watanabe
1
1
Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 831-0011, Japan
2
Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 831-0011, Japan
3
Advanced Imaging Research Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
4
Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume 831-0011, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Fungi 2022, 8(7), 700; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8070700
Submission received: 18 May 2022 / Revised: 15 June 2022 / Accepted: 29 June 2022 / Published: 1 July 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fungal Biofilms- New Perspectives and Practices)
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Abstract

Background: We dealt with the occurrence of an outbreak of Candida parapsilosis in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in September 2020. There have been several reports of C. parapsilosis outbreaks in NICUs. In this study we describe our investigation into both the transmission route and the biofilm of C. parapsilosis. Methods: C. parapsilosis strains were detected in three inpatients and in two environmental cultures in our NICU. One environmental culture was isolated from the incubator used by a fungemia patient, and another was isolated from the humidifier of an incubator that had been used by a nonfungemia patient. To prove their identities, we tested them by micro satellite analysis. We used two methods, dry weight measurements and observation by electron microscopy, to confirm biofilm. Results: Microsatellite analysis showed the five C. parapsilosis cultures were of the same strain. Dry weight measurements and electron microscopy showed C. parapsilosis formed biofilms that amounted to clumps of fungal cells. Conclusions: We concluded that the outbreak happened due to horizontal transfer through the humidifier of the incubator and that the C. parapsilosis had produced biofilm, which promoted an invasive and infectious outbreak. Additionally, biofilm is closely associated with pathogenicity.
Keywords: Candida parapsilosis; outbreak; neonatal intensive care unit (NICU); infection control; microsatellite analysis; scanning electron microscopy (SEM); biofilm Candida parapsilosis; outbreak; neonatal intensive care unit (NICU); infection control; microsatellite analysis; scanning electron microscopy (SEM); biofilm

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MDPI and ACS Style

Miyake, A.; Gotoh, K.; Iwahashi, J.; Togo, A.; Horita, R.; Miura, M.; Kinoshita, M.; Ohta, K.; Yamashita, Y.; Watanabe, H. Characteristics of Biofilms Formed by C. parapsilosis Causing an Outbreak in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. J. Fungi 2022, 8, 700. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8070700

AMA Style

Miyake A, Gotoh K, Iwahashi J, Togo A, Horita R, Miura M, Kinoshita M, Ohta K, Yamashita Y, Watanabe H. Characteristics of Biofilms Formed by C. parapsilosis Causing an Outbreak in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Journal of Fungi. 2022; 8(7):700. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8070700

Chicago/Turabian Style

Miyake, Atsushi, Kenji Gotoh, Jun Iwahashi, Akinobu Togo, Rie Horita, Miho Miura, Masahiro Kinoshita, Keisuke Ohta, Yushiro Yamashita, and Hiroshi Watanabe. 2022. "Characteristics of Biofilms Formed by C. parapsilosis Causing an Outbreak in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit" Journal of Fungi 8, no. 7: 700. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8070700

APA Style

Miyake, A., Gotoh, K., Iwahashi, J., Togo, A., Horita, R., Miura, M., Kinoshita, M., Ohta, K., Yamashita, Y., & Watanabe, H. (2022). Characteristics of Biofilms Formed by C. parapsilosis Causing an Outbreak in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Journal of Fungi, 8(7), 700. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8070700

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