Spatial Patterns of Planktonic Fungi Indicate Their Potential Contributions to Biological Carbon Pump and Organic Matter Remineralization in the Water Column of South China Sea
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Collection of Water Samples
2.2. Fungal and Bacterial Community Analysis
2.2.1. DNA Extraction
2.2.2. PCR Amplification
2.2.3. Downstream Processing of Sequencing Reads
2.3. Quantitative PCR Analysis
2.3.1. Fungal 18S rRNA Gene Copies
2.3.2. Bacterial 16S rRNA Gene Copies
2.4. Statistical Analysis
2.5. Prediction of Trophic Modes
2.6. Network Analysis
2.7. Identification of Metabolic Functions
3. Results
3.1. Environmental Characteristics in Relation to Various Water Zones
3.2. Distribution and Abundance Patterns
3.3. Variations in Community Composition Related to Various Water Zones
3.4. Interactions between Planktonic Communities
3.5. Trophic Modes of Mycoplankton
3.6. Metabolic Potential of Plankton Communities
4. Discussion
4.1. Fungal Abundance Patterns and Their Significance in the Water Column
4.2. Abiotic and Biotic Interactions and Their Implications
4.3. Implications of Trophic Modes and Metabolic Functions of Mycoplankton
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Zones | Mycoplankton (18S rRNA Gene Copies/Ng DNA) | Bacterioplankton (16S rRNA Gene Copies/Ng DNA) |
---|---|---|
Euphotic | 3588 ± 1585 b | (9.09 ± 3.1) × 107 b |
Twilight | 923 ± 241 c | (8.67 ± 2.95) × 106 a |
Aphotic | 194 ± 122 a | (1.09 ± 0.87) × 106 a |
Trophic Modes | Euphotic | Twilight | Aphotic |
---|---|---|---|
Pathotroph | 1471 ± 518 a | 3040 ± 934 a | 811 ± 248 a |
Saprotroph | 1003 ± 263 b | 6116 ± 1675 a | 2038 ± 535 a |
Symbiotroph | 80.7 ± 25.6 a | 335 ± 131 a | 162 ± 84.5 a |
Pathotroph–Saprotroph | 699 ± 179 a | 1419 ± 372 a | 514 ± 149 a |
Pathotroph–Symbiotroph | 14.4 ± 9.36 a | 348 ± 145 b | 32.8 ± 22.9 ab |
Saprotroph–Symbiotroph | 18.5 ± 8.24 a | 23.2 ± 17.5 a | 11.0 ± 9.11 a |
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Sen, K.; Bai, M.; Li, J.; Ding, X.; Sen, B.; Wang, G. Spatial Patterns of Planktonic Fungi Indicate Their Potential Contributions to Biological Carbon Pump and Organic Matter Remineralization in the Water Column of South China Sea. J. Fungi 2023, 9, 640. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9060640
Sen K, Bai M, Li J, Ding X, Sen B, Wang G. Spatial Patterns of Planktonic Fungi Indicate Their Potential Contributions to Biological Carbon Pump and Organic Matter Remineralization in the Water Column of South China Sea. Journal of Fungi. 2023; 9(6):640. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9060640
Chicago/Turabian StyleSen, Kalyani, Mohan Bai, Jiaqian Li, Xueyan Ding, Biswarup Sen, and Guangyi Wang. 2023. "Spatial Patterns of Planktonic Fungi Indicate Their Potential Contributions to Biological Carbon Pump and Organic Matter Remineralization in the Water Column of South China Sea" Journal of Fungi 9, no. 6: 640. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9060640