Analgesic Effect of Sulforaphane: A New Application for Poloxamer-Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
3. Conclusions
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Preparation of Hydrogels
4.2. In-Vitro Cell Viability Assays
4.3. Postoperative Pain Model in Rats
4.4. Statistical Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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1 H | 2 H | 4 H | 6 H | 8 H | 24 H | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F1-PL 407/338 (10/10%) + HA 1% + SFN 0.1% | 25.12 ± 4.69 a ***. b ***. d ***. e ***. f ***. g *** | 26. 91 ± 5.09 a **. b ***. d *. e ***. f *** | 26.91 ± 3.93 a **. b ***. d *. e ***. f ***. g *** | 37.59 ± 4.98 c *. d ***. e ***. f ***. g *** | 30.97 ± 2.60 a ***. c ***. d ***. e ***. f ***. g *** | 4.61 ± 1.62 a ** |
F2-PL 407/338 (18/2%) + HA 1% + SFN 0.1% | 34.89 ± 9.09 h ***. i ***. j ***. k ***. l ***. m *** | 34.51 ± 4.09 h ***. j ***. k ***. l ***. m ***. | 33.36 ± 6.87 h ***. i *. j ***. k ***. l ***. m *** | 31.85 ± 3.92 j **. k ***. l ***. m *** | 41.37 ± 4.25 h ***. i ***. j ***. k ***. l ***. m *** | 11.07 ± 8.20 h *. i ***. j ***. k ***. l ***. m *** |
F3-SFN 0.1%. | 9.39 ± 1.17 n ***. p *. q *. r ** | 17. 98 ± 2.17 n ***. p ***. q *** | 16.63 ±2.89 n ***. p ***. q ***. r *** | 32.61 ± 6.30 o ***. p ***. q ***. r *** | 29.44 ± 3.63 n **. o ***. p ***. q ***. r *** | 5.34 ± 3.98 |
C1-PL 407/338 (10/10%) + HA 1% | 23.54 ± 4.76 s ***. t ***. u ***. v *** | 31. 38 ± 7.03 s ***. t ***. u ***. v *** | 24.72 ± 2.38 s **. t ***. u ***. v *** | 29.84 ± 6.20 s *. t ***. u ***. v *** | 22.45 ± 5.30 s **. t ***. u ***. v *** | 3.49 ± 1.11 |
C2-PL 407/338 (18/2%) + HA 1% | 14.32 ± 3.96 w ***. x ***. y *** | 20.54 ± 4.20 w ***. x ***. | 21.03 ± 4.44 w ***. x ***. y *** | 22.65 ± 4.55 x ***. y ***. z *** | 16.37 ± 5.00 x ***. y ***. z *** | 2.096 ± 0.32 |
C3-PL 407/338 (10/10%) | 2.32 ± 0.39 | 2.35 ± 0.34 aa *** | 2.27 ± 0.38 | 2.21 ± 0.43 | 1.56 ± 0.32 | 1.91 ± 0.30 |
C4-PL 407 − 18% + PL 188 − 2% | 2.20 ± 0.54 | 2.18 ± 0.31 bb *** | 2.18 ± 0.31 | 2.11 ± 045 | 1.98 ± 0.43 | 2.01 ± 0.35 |
C5-HA 1% | 1.81 ± 0.39 | 21.39 ± 3.95 | 2.06 ± 0.33 | 2.04 ± 0.46 | 2.13 ± 0.38 | 1.85 ± 0.40 |
Formulations | 2 Days | 7 Days |
---|---|---|
F1-PL 407/338 (10/10%) + HA 1% + SFN 0.1% | 1 (1–3) | 2 (2–3) |
F2-PL 407/338 (18/2%) + HA 1% + SFN 0.1% | 1 (1–2) | 2 (1–3) |
F3-SFN 0.1%. | 1 (1–2) | 2 (1–2) |
C1-PL 407/338 (10/10%) + HA 1% | 2 (1–3) | 3 (2–3) |
C2-PL 407/338 (18/2%) + HA 1% | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–2) |
C3-PL 407/338 (10/10%) | 3 (2–3) a *, b *, c *, d * | 2 (2–3) |
C4-PL 407 − 18% + PL 188 − 2% | 2 (2–3) | 2 (2–3) |
C5-HA 1% | 1 (1–2) | 2 (1–2) e **, f ***, g *** |
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Papini, J.Z.B.; de Assis Esteves, B.; de Souza Oliveira, V.G.; Abdalla, H.B.; Cereda, C.M.S.; de Araújo, D.R.; Tofoli, G.R. Analgesic Effect of Sulforaphane: A New Application for Poloxamer-Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels. Gels 2024, 10, 460. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10070460
Papini JZB, de Assis Esteves B, de Souza Oliveira VG, Abdalla HB, Cereda CMS, de Araújo DR, Tofoli GR. Analgesic Effect of Sulforaphane: A New Application for Poloxamer-Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels. Gels. 2024; 10(7):460. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10070460
Chicago/Turabian StylePapini, Juliana Zampoli Boava, Bruno de Assis Esteves, Vagner Gomes de Souza Oliveira, Henrique Ballassani Abdalla, Cintia Maria Saia Cereda, Daniele Ribeiro de Araújo, and Giovana Radomille Tofoli. 2024. "Analgesic Effect of Sulforaphane: A New Application for Poloxamer-Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels" Gels 10, no. 7: 460. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10070460