Development of a Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogel Drug Delivery System (DDS): An Update
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Hydrogel-Based Drug Delivery Systems
2.1. Macrogels
2.1.1. In Situ-Forming Hydrogels
2.1.2. Macroporous Hydrogels
2.1.3. Shear-Thinning Hydrogels
2.2. Microgels and Nanogels
2.2.1. Synthesis and Characteristics of Microgels and Nanogels
2.2.2. Use of Microgels or Nanogels as Drug Delivery Systems
2.3. Hydrogel-Forming Microneedles
2.4. Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels
3. Drugs and Inhibitors Delivered by Hydrogel-Based Delivery Systems
3.1. Delivery of Genetic Materials
3.2. Delivery of Peptides or Proteins Using Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels
3.3. Delivery of Drugs
4. Factors Affecting the Efficacy of Hydrogel Drug Delivery Systems
4.1. Size of Nanoparticles
4.2. Shape of Nanoparticles
4.3. Hydrogel Swelling Ratio
5. Challenges in Hydrogel Drug Delivery System Development
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Polymer Name | Polysaccharides and Additives | Delivered Molecule | Functions of Polysaccharides | Year | References | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genes | siRNA-loaded microgels | Cationic biodegradable dextran microgels | siRNA | Increase encapsulation amount, Controlled release of materials | 2008 | [74] |
Folate conjugated nanogel | Glycol chitosan-based nanogel | siRNA | Improve delivery of material | 2013 | [75] | |
Plasmid DNA-loaded nanogel | CMC complex with bPEI nanogel | Plasmid DNA | Improve delivery of materials, Increase uptake and gene transfection | 2015 | [76] | |
Double-network nanogels | Silane-crosslinked PEI with pH-responsive poly(2-(hexamethyleneimino)ethyl methacrylate) | DNA | pH-responsive delivery, Improve stability of genetic material | 2019 | [77] | |
TAC6-derived nanogel | TAC6 polymer | PIAS1 | Decrease gut inflammation by repressing NF-KB | 2020 | [78] | |
Nanobody-functionalized nanogel | Nanobody conjugated DNA strands with Nb-DNA conjugate | miRNA | Increase accumulation of miRNA to desired site, Increase anti-tumor effect | 2020 | [79] | |
Peptides and Proteins | Hydrophillic thermo-responsive nanogels | NIPAM, poly(N-Isopropylmethacrylamide) | Protein | High protein encapsulation, Release protein at desired temperature | 2019 | [80] |
Nisin-loaded antimicrobial dual responsive nanogel | PLLA-g-CS | Peptide | Release nisin at specific pH and temperature | 2019 | [81] | |
CytoC-embedded hydrogel | Acrylamide (AAm), 2-(dime- thylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) monomer and glycerol dimethacrylate (GDA) | Protein | Promoted delivery of CytoC to target sites, Improve tumor growth inhibition | 2020 | [82] | |
pH and glucose dual-responsive nanogels | Dextran and poly(L-glutamic acid)-g-methoxy poly-(-ethylene glycol)/phenyl boronic acid (PLG-g-mPEG/PBA) | Protein | Mediates the delivery and release of protein | 2019 | [83] | |
Temperature-sensitive nanogel | PEG, N-cyclopropylacrylamide (NCPAM), N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM), methacrylic acid (MAA) and trimethylsilylpropargylmethacrylate (TMSPMA) | Protein | Mediates the release of protein when triggered by enzyme and at specific temperature | 2020 | [84] | |
Acid-degradable nanogels | Carboxymethyl chitosan | DOX | Decrease degradation of drug, improve cellular uptake of drug, improve stability of drug in physiological conditions | 2019 | [85] | |
Drugs | Hyaluronic acid nanogel | Hyaluronic acid, sucrose, glycerol diglycidyl ether (GDE) | [3-((E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acryloil)-2H-chromen-2-on | Improve delivery of drug, improve long-term delivery of drug | 2019 | [86] |
Zwitterionic phosphorylcholine-based nanogel | Poly(phosphorylcholine) (HPMPC) | DOX | Longer blood circulation of nanogel, improve tumor inhibition, effective degradability to release drug to desired site | 2021 | [87] | |
Zwitterionic phosphorylcholine-based nanogel Ca2+ responsive deacetylated gellan gum based in situ-nanogel | Poly(phosphorylcholine) (HPMPC) Deacetylated gellan gum (DGG) | DOX Harmine nanocrystals (HAR-NC) | Able to deliver drugs passing through BBB, release drug in hypoxic environment | 2021 | [88] | |
Improve intranasal drug delivery, increase bioavailability of drug in brain, | 2021 | [89] | ||||
Chitosan-polypyrrole nanogels | Chitosan, pyrrole | DOX | Highly adaptive to surrounding pH, compatible at physiological pH, high loading of drug, prolonged circulation, increase tumor accumulation of nanogel | 2021 | [90] | |
Tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive P(CPT-MAA) prodrug nanogel | Methacrylic acid (MAA), CPT monomer (CTPM), and N-N’-methylenebisacrylamide (Bis) | Campthothecin (CPT) | Improve drug delivery, releases drug at specific conditions | 2019 | [91] | |
Supramolecular polymer nanogel | Hyperbranced polyglycerol, polyglycerylamine, carboxylic-substituted copillar[5]arene, carbonyldiimidazole, sodium 6-chlorohexyl sulfate, DMF and triethylamine | Dexamethasone | Increase drug loading capacity, improve skin penetration | 2019 | [92] | |
Hybrid bovine serum albumin-gum arabic aldehyde (BSA-GAA) nanogels | Gum arabic aldehyde, bovine serum albumin | 5-FU | Increase drug release at acidic pH, no toxicity of drug when loaded into nanogel | 2021 | [93] |
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Pushpamalar, J.; Meganathan, P.; Tan, H.L.; Dahlan, N.A.; Ooi, L.-T.; Neerooa, B.N.H.M.; Essa, R.Z.; Shameli, K.; Teow, S.-Y. Development of a Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogel Drug Delivery System (DDS): An Update. Gels 2021, 7, 153. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels7040153
Pushpamalar J, Meganathan P, Tan HL, Dahlan NA, Ooi L-T, Neerooa BNHM, Essa RZ, Shameli K, Teow S-Y. Development of a Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogel Drug Delivery System (DDS): An Update. Gels. 2021; 7(4):153. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels7040153
Chicago/Turabian StylePushpamalar, Janarthanan, Puviarasi Meganathan, Hui Li Tan, Nuraina Anisa Dahlan, Li-Ting Ooi, Bibi Noorheen Haleema Mooneerah Neerooa, Raahilah Zahir Essa, Kamyar Shameli, and Sin-Yeang Teow. 2021. "Development of a Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogel Drug Delivery System (DDS): An Update" Gels 7, no. 4: 153. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels7040153