Locally Injectable Hydrogels for Tumor Immunotherapy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Hydrogels
2.1. Characteristics of Hydrogels
2.2. Classification of Hydrogels
3. Tumor Immunotherapy
3.1. Immunomodulator
3.2. Cellular Immunotherapy
3.3. Cancer Vaccine
4. Injectable Hydrogel for Local Chemo-Immunotherapy Combination
5. Injectable Hydrogel for Local Radio-Immunotherapy Combination
6. Injectable Hydrogel for Local Photo-Immunotherapy Combination
6.1. Combination of PTT and Immunotherapy
6.2. Combination of PDT and Immunotherapy
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Therapeutic Strategy | Advantage | Disadvantage | Phase | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Immunotherapy | Simple hydrogel composition and synthesis process | Limited therapeutic effect | Preclinical step | [35,42,43,46,48] [15,49,51,53,54] [36,37,56,59,87] |
Chemoimmunotherapy | High immune response, better treatment effect | Hydrogels are usually complex in composition and their long-term biosafety in vivo needs to be confirmed | Preclinical step | [63,64,65,66,68] [69,70,71] |
Radioimmunotherapy | High immune response, better antitumor effect at the distal end | Safety of radioactive elements | Preclinical step | [33,75] |
Photoimmunotherapy | High immune response, good therapeutic effect, and great time and space control | The limited penetration of near infrared light to tissues and the toxicity of photosensitizers | Preclinical step | [65,83,84,85,86] [89,93,94] |
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Zhang, X.; Guo, X.; Wu, Y.; Gao, J. Locally Injectable Hydrogels for Tumor Immunotherapy. Gels 2021, 7, 224. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels7040224
Zhang X, Guo X, Wu Y, Gao J. Locally Injectable Hydrogels for Tumor Immunotherapy. Gels. 2021; 7(4):224. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels7040224
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Xinyi, Xiaonan Guo, Yan Wu, and Jie Gao. 2021. "Locally Injectable Hydrogels for Tumor Immunotherapy" Gels 7, no. 4: 224. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels7040224