Chitosan@Carboxymethylcellulose/CuO-Co2O3 Nanoadsorbent as a Super Catalyst for the Removal of Water Pollutants
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Result and Discussion
2.1. Characterization
2.1.1. Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) Analysis
2.1.2. Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) Analysis
2.1.3. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) Analysis
2.1.4. FT-IR Analysis
2.2. Metal Uptake Study
2.3. Optimization of Ni(II) Adsorption
2.3.1. Effect of Initial Concentration of Ni(II) Solution
2.3.2. Effect of pH of Ni(II) Solution
2.3.3. Effect of Ni(II) Adsorption Contact Time
2.3.4. Effect of Adsorbent Dose
2.4. Adsorption Mechanism
2.5. Catalytic Reduction Study
2.6. Catalytic Optimization
2.6.1. Effect of Contaminant Concentrations
2.6.2. Effect of NaBH4 Concentration
2.6.3. Effect of Number of Ni/Cs@CMC/CuO-Co2O3 Beads
2.7. Recyclability of Ni/Cs@CMC/CuO-Co2O3 Beads
2.8. Application to Real Samples
3. Conclusions
4. Experimental
4.1. Materials
4.2. Synthesis of Nanocomposites and Beads
4.2.1. Preparation of CuO-Co2O3 Nanocomposite
4.2.2. Synthesis of Cs@CMC/CuO-Co2O3 Beads
4.3. Metal Uptake Adsorption
4.4. Formation of Zero-Valent Nanoparticles
4.5. Catalytic Reduction Experiments
4.6. Characterization
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Metal Ions | Wavelength Detection (nm) | Initial Conc. (mgL−1) | CMC/CuO-Co2O3 | Cs@CMC/CuO-Co2O3 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Final Conc. (mgL−1) | qe (mgg −1) | Kd (mLg−1) | R (%) | Final Conc. (mgL−1) | qe (mgg−1) | Kd (mLg−1) | R (%) | |||
Ni(II) | 221.648 | 5 | 4.8 | 0.2 | 41.666 | 4 | 0.697 | 4.3 | 6173.6 | 86.06 |
Zn(II) | 213.9 | 5 | 4.6 | 0.4 | 86.956 | 8 | 1.5 | 3.5 | 2333.3 | 70 |
Fe(II) | 248 | 5 | 4.4 | 0.6 | 136.363 | 12 | 2 | 3 | 1500 | 60 |
Ag(I) | 243.778 | 5 | 0.23 | 5 | 20,739.1 | 95.4 | 1.7 | 3.3 | 1941.1 | 66 |
Models | Linear Equations | Plot | |
---|---|---|---|
Isotherm | Langmuir | (4) | |
Freundlich | (5) | ||
Kinetic | Pseduo-first-order | (6) | |
Pseduo-second-order | (7) |
Langmuir Model | Freundlich Model | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Metal Ion | R2 | b (Lmg−1) | R2 | ||||
Ni(II) | 12.00 | 0.943 | 0.50 | 0.08 | 0.553 | 9.10 | 5.06 |
(mg g−1) Experiment | Pseudo-First-Order | Pseudo-Second-Order | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Metal Ion | R2 | K1 (min−1) | mg g−1 | R2 | K2 (g mg−1min−1) | mg g−1 | |
Ni(II) | 11.00 | 0.703 | 0.0011 | 2.72 | 0.986 | −0.222 | 4.05 |
Adsorbent | Metal Ion | Condition | qmax (mgg−1) | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
CS/TEOS/APTES | Ni(II) | pH 5.2, 30 °C, 30 min | 696.2 | [48] |
Chitosan-g-maleic acid | Ni(II) | pH 8, room temperature, 60 min | 73.5 | [26] |
Flower globular FGMH | Ni(II) | pH 6–7, 20 °C, 50 min | 248 | [52] |
Chitosan-MOF | Ni(II) | pH 5, 20 °C, 480 min | 56 | [53] |
Cs@CMC/CuO-Co2O3 | Ni(II) | pH 7, room temperature, 60 min | 11 | This study |
Rate Constant K (s−1) and Adjacent R2 Value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Compound | CuO-Co2O3 | CMC/CuO-Co2O3 | Cs@CMC/CuO-Co2O3 | Ni/Cs@CMC/CuO-Co2O3 |
MO | 6.11 × 10−3 and 0.865 | 2.6 × 10−3 and 0.915 | 4.4 × 10−4 and 0.953 | 1.06 × 10−2 and 0.964 |
EY | 2.95 × 10−4 and 0.989 | 3.2 × 10−3 and 0.928 | 7.71 × 10−4 and 0.968 | 4.58 × 10−3 and 0.936 |
4-NP | 2.7 × 10−3 and 0.855 | 2.62 × 10−3 and 0.842 | 1.7 × 10−5 and 0.824 | 4.26 × 10−3 and 0.912 |
K3[Fe(CN)6] | 3.6 × 10−3 and 0.964 | 1.69 × 10−3 and 0.835 | 1.8 × 10−3 and 0.909 | 5.1 × 10−3 and 0.975 |
Pollutant | Catalyst | Time (min) | Rate Constant | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
MO | Ni/Cs@CMC/CuO-Co2O3 | 2 | 1.06 × 10−2 | This study |
MO | TO-CoNPs | 60 | - | [60] |
MO | AuNPs | 8 | 1.7 × 10−3 | [61] |
MO | WBs loaded with Ni NPs | 15 | 2.37 × 10−3 | [62] |
EY | Ni/Cs@CMC/CuO-Co2O3 | 6 | 4.58 × 10−3 | This study |
EY | Chitosan-capped AuNPs | 50 | - | [63] |
4-NP | Ni/Cs@CMC/CuO-Co2O3 | 13 | 4.26 × 10−3 | This study |
4-NP | CMC-Cu | 35 | 9.1 × 10−4 | [64] |
4-NP | PdNPs doped chitosan | 15 | 3.63 × 10−3 | [65] |
4-NP | Ni/CS-FP | 28 | - | [66] |
K3[Fe(CN)6] | Ni/Cs@CMC/CuO-Co2O3 | 6 | 5.1 × 10−3 | This study |
K3[Fe(CN)6] | NiWO4 Nanoparticles | 240 | - | [67] |
K3[Fe(CN)6] | Fe3O4-CuAg NPs | 3 | 19.3 × 10−3 | [68] |
K3[Fe(CN)6] | CMC/CuO-NiO | 0.5 | 6.88 × 10−2 | [4] |
Real Sample | Reduction Time (min) | Reduction % |
---|---|---|
Full-Fat Milk | 15 min | 65.5 |
Orange Juice | 6 min | 91.4 |
Pineapple Juice | 5 min | 95 |
Apple Juice | 5 min | 97 |
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Maslamani, N.; Bakhsh, E.M.; Khan, S.B.; Danish, E.Y.; Akhtar, K.; Fagieh, T.M.; Su, X.; Asiri, A.M. Chitosan@Carboxymethylcellulose/CuO-Co2O3 Nanoadsorbent as a Super Catalyst for the Removal of Water Pollutants. Gels 2022, 8, 91. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8020091
Maslamani N, Bakhsh EM, Khan SB, Danish EY, Akhtar K, Fagieh TM, Su X, Asiri AM. Chitosan@Carboxymethylcellulose/CuO-Co2O3 Nanoadsorbent as a Super Catalyst for the Removal of Water Pollutants. Gels. 2022; 8(2):91. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8020091
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaslamani, Nujud, Esraa M. Bakhsh, Sher Bahadar Khan, Ekram Y. Danish, Kalsoom Akhtar, Taghreed M. Fagieh, Xintai Su, and Abdullah M. Asiri. 2022. "Chitosan@Carboxymethylcellulose/CuO-Co2O3 Nanoadsorbent as a Super Catalyst for the Removal of Water Pollutants" Gels 8, no. 2: 91. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8020091