A New Design of Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) Hydrogels Using Biodegradable Poly(Beta-Aminoester) Crosslinkers as Fertilizer Reservoirs for Agricultural Applications
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Synthesis of (PBAE) Crosslinkers
2.2. Synthesis of PBAE-Crosslinked P(NIPAAm) Hydrogels
2.3. Morphology and Porosity
2.4. Swelling Studies
2.5. Mechanical Properties
2.6. Biodegradation Studies
2.7. KNO3 Release Behavior of P(NIPAAm) Hydrogels
3. Conclusions
4. Experimental Section
4.1. Materials
4.2. Synthesis of Poly(beta-aminoester) (PBAE) Crosslinkers
4.3. Synthesis of P(NIPAAm) Hydrogels
4.4. Characterizations
4.5. Determination of Gel Fraction
4.6. Determination of the Crosslinking Density
4.7. Determination of the Porosity of Hydrogels
4.8. Swelling Studies
4.9. Mechanical Testing
4.10. Soil Biodegradation Studies
4.11. KNO3 Loading and Release Experiments
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Crosslinker | Composition (g) | Diacrylate/Amine Ratio | Mn | PDI | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4-AB | TMDP | DEGDA | ||||
PBAE-A1 | 2.43 | - | 6.42 | 1.1:1 | 2399 | 1.74 |
PBAE-A5 | 1.78 | - | 6.42 | 1.5:1 | 1534 | 1.32 |
PBAE-T1 | - | 5.74 | 6.42 | 1.1:1 | 3604 | 1.45 |
PBAE-T5 | - | 4.20 | 6.42 | 1.5:1 | 1976 | 1.82 |
Sample | Crosslinker | Crosslinker Amount (%) | ν × 10−5 (mol cm−3) | Mc × 103 (g mol−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
N/1 | MBA | 1.0 | 7.30 ± 2.24 | 10.82 ± 2.12 |
N/3 | MBA | 3.0 | 6.29 ± 0.71 | 13.04 ± 1.78 |
N/A1/1 | PBAE-A1 | 1.0 | 1.95 ± 0.89 | 40.12 ± 2.52 |
N/A1/3 | PBAE-A1 | 3.0 | 2.77 ± 0.54 | 30.69 ± 1.45 |
N/A5/1 | PBAE-A5 | 1.0 | 2.23 ± 1.53 | 35.43 ± 0.94 |
N/A5/3 | PBAE-A5 | 3.0 | 3.21 ± 0.61 | 25.12 ± 1.46 |
N/T1/1 | PBAE-T1 | 1.0 | 2.74 ± 2.17 | 27.74 ± 1.91 |
N/T1/3 | PBAE-T1 | 3.0 | 3.98 ± 0.79 | 20.81 ± 0.76 |
N/T5/1 | PBAE-T5 | 1.0 | 2.85 ± 0.64 | 27.72 ± 2.70 |
N/T5/3 | PBAE-T5 | 3.0 | 4.97 ± 0.37 | 15. 29 ± 1.73 |
Sample Code | n | k × 10−2 (s−1) | R2 | D (cm2 s−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
N/1 | 0.79 | 3.51 | 0.996 | 3.96 |
N/3 | 0.72 | 3.6 | 0.998 | 4.42 |
N/A1/1 | 0.81 | 1.48 | 0.997 | 2.67 |
N/A1/3 | 0.83 | 2.17 | 0.992 | 3.38 |
N/A5/1 | 0.72 | 1.92 | 0.998 | 2.97 |
N/A5/3 | 0.69 | 2.35 | 0.996 | 3.65 |
N/T1/1 | 0.76 | 2.20 | 0.989 | 3.05 |
N/T1/3 | 0.89 | 2.92 | 0.996 | 3.56 |
N/T5/1 | 0.77 | 2.24 | 0.991 | 3.16 |
N/T5/3 | 0.81 | 3.21 | 0.994 | 3.79 |
Sample Code | KNO3 Loading (%) |
---|---|
N/1 | 51.79 |
N/3 | 47.72 |
N/A1/1 | 68.72 |
N/A1/3 | 64.38 |
N/A5/1 | 65.27 |
N/A5/3 | 57.24 |
N/T1/1 | 64.76 |
N/T1/3 | 56.89 |
N/T5/1 | 54.77 |
N/T5/3 | 52.24 |
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Balçık Tamer, Y. A New Design of Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) Hydrogels Using Biodegradable Poly(Beta-Aminoester) Crosslinkers as Fertilizer Reservoirs for Agricultural Applications. Gels 2023, 9, 127. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9020127
Balçık Tamer Y. A New Design of Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) Hydrogels Using Biodegradable Poly(Beta-Aminoester) Crosslinkers as Fertilizer Reservoirs for Agricultural Applications. Gels. 2023; 9(2):127. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9020127
Chicago/Turabian StyleBalçık Tamer, Yasemin. 2023. "A New Design of Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) Hydrogels Using Biodegradable Poly(Beta-Aminoester) Crosslinkers as Fertilizer Reservoirs for Agricultural Applications" Gels 9, no. 2: 127. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9020127