Polymeric DNA Hydrogels and Their Applications in Drug Delivery for Cancer Therapy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Preparation and Drug Delivery Applications of DNA Hydrogels
2.1. Branched DNA Formed Hydrogel
2.1.1. Branched DNA
2.1.2. Application in Cancer Therapy
2.2. HCR-Synthesized DNA Networks Formed Hydrogel
2.2.1. HCR-Synthesized DNA Networks
2.2.2. Application in Cancer Therapy
2.3. RCA-Produced DNA Chain-Based Hydrogel
2.3.1. RCA-Produced DNA Chain
2.3.2. Application in Cancer Therapy
3. Conclusions and Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Type of DNA Hydrogels | Formulation | Strategy Advantages | Strategy Limitations | Delivered Drugs | Application in Cancer Therapy | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-enzyme-mediated branched hydrogel | stimuli responsiveness (pH, temperature) | controllable symmetry; multivalency; enzyme-free | high concentration for preparing hydrogel | ASOs; CPG | immunotherapy | [45,46] |
Enzyme-mediated branched hydrogel | strand extension (ligase) | controllable symmetry; multivalency; short reaction time | high concentration for preparing hydrogel; high cost | Camptothecin; DOX; transcribed siRNA | chemotherapy; chemo-photo thermal synergistic therapy gene therapy | [47,48] |
Pure hydrogel formed by HCR-synthesized networks | linear/clamped amplification | isothermal amplification; enzyme-free; convenient operation | high requirements for sequence design; require reaction carrier (AuNP, cell membrane, …) for HCR | DOX; siRNA | chemo-gene synergistic therapy; chemotherapy | [49,50] |
Hybrid hydrogel formed by HCR-synthesized networks | hybrid with other organic/inorganic material before HCR amplification | isothermal amplification; enzyme-free; high stability | high requirements for sequence design; lower initiation efficiency influenced by complex conformation | siRNA; DOX | gene therapy; chemotherapy | [51,52,53] |
Pure hydrogel formed by RCA-produced long DNA chain | physical crosslinking after RCA reaction | isothermal amplification; convenient operation | high requirements for sequence (template and primer) design; high cost low stability | DOX; DNAzyme and CRISPR/Cas9 system; siRNA; CPG | chemotherapy; gene therapy; immunotherapy | [54,55,56] |
Hybrid hydrogel formed by RCA-produced long DNA chain | hybrid with other organic/inorganic material after RCA amplification | isothermal amplification high stability | high requirements for sequence (template and primer) design high cost; complex operation for hybridization | SiPcCl2; DOX; ASOs | gene-photo thermal synergistic therapy; chemo-gene synergistic therapy | [57,58] |
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Li, J.; Song, W.; Li, F. Polymeric DNA Hydrogels and Their Applications in Drug Delivery for Cancer Therapy. Gels 2023, 9, 239. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9030239
Li J, Song W, Li F. Polymeric DNA Hydrogels and Their Applications in Drug Delivery for Cancer Therapy. Gels. 2023; 9(3):239. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9030239
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Jing, Wenzhe Song, and Feng Li. 2023. "Polymeric DNA Hydrogels and Their Applications in Drug Delivery for Cancer Therapy" Gels 9, no. 3: 239. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9030239