New Photocrosslinked 3D Foamed Scaffolds Based on GelMA Copolymers: Potential Application in Bone Tissue Engineering
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Synthesis of GelMa with Two Methacryloylation Degrees (DM)
2.2. Biomaterial Preparation and Characterization GelMa and GelMa Copolymers
2.2.1. Biopolymer Preparation
- Why this strategy?
- Biopolymer synthesis
2.2.2. Biopolymer Characterization
- FTIR spectroscopy
- Thermal properties: TGA analysis
- Swelling behavior
- Determination of porosity by SEM
- In vitro enzymatic degradation
- Rheological characterization
Higher DM | Lower DM | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acronym | G′ (Pa, at 1 Hz) | G′ (Pa, at 0.1% Strain) | Acronym | G′ (Pa, at 1 Hz) | G′ (Pa, at 0.1% Strain) |
H-GelMa | 1895 | 1801 | L-GelMa | 813 | 805 |
H-GelMa-(VP/HEMA)10 | 4796 | 4729 | L-GelMa-(VP/HEMA)10 | 1500 | 1470 |
H-GelMa-(VP/HEMA)30 | 6770 | 6543 | L-GelMa-(VP/HEMA)30 | 2428 | 2359 |
2.3. Cell Response to Biopolymers
2.3.1. Cell Viability and Proliferation of MC3T3-E1 Cells Exposed to GelMa-Based Biopolymers
2.3.2. Cell Differentiation of MC3T3-E1 Cells Exposed to GelMa Based Copolymers
3. Conclusions
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Materials and Reagents
4.2. Synthesis of GelMa with Two Methacryloylation Degrees (DM)
4.3. Degree of Substitution of GelMa Synthesized
4.4. Foamed Biomaterial Preparation: GelMa and GelMa Copolymers
4.5. GelMa and GelMa Based Copolymers Characterization: Instrumentation and Methods
4.6. Swelling Experiments
4.7. In Vitro Enzymatic Degradation
4.8. In Vitro Assays in Pre-Osteoblastic Mammalian Cells
4.9. In Vitro Cytocompatibility Assays in Pre-Osteoblastic Mammalian Cells
4.10. Morphological Studies by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy
4.11. In Vitro Mineralization Assay
4.12. Statistical Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Foamed Biomaterials | |||
---|---|---|---|
Higher DM | Lower DM | ||
Acronym | Composition | Acronym | Composition |
H-GelMa | 100/0/0/1.5 | L-GelMa | 100/0/0/1.5 |
H-GelMa-VP10 | 90/10/0/1.5 | L-GelMa-VP10 | 90/10/0/1.5 |
H-GelMa-VP30 | 70/30/0/1.5 | L-GelMa-VP30 | 70/30/0/1.5 |
H-GelMa-HEMA10 | 90/10/0/1.5 | L-GelMa-HEMA10 | 90/10/0/1.5 |
H-GelMa-HEMA30 | 70/30/0/1.5 | L-GelMa-HEMA30 | 70/30/0/1.5 |
H-GelMa-(VP/HEMA)10 | 90/5/5/1.5 | L-GelMa-(VP/HEMA)10 | 90/5/5/1.5 |
H-GelMa-(VP/HEMA)30 | 70/15/15/1.5 | L-GelMa-(VP/HEMA)30 | 70/15/15/1.5 |
T10 (°C) | Tmax (1) (°C) | Tmax (2) (°C) | |
H-GelMa | 190 | 318 | --- |
H-GelMa-VP10 | 244 | 325 | 427 |
H-GelMa-VP30 | 255 | 328 | 432 |
H-GelMa-HEMA10 | 252 | 325 | 411 |
H-GelMa-HEMA30 | 260 | 325 | 415 |
H-GelMa-(VP/HEMA)10 | 253 | 323 | 420 |
H-GelMa-(VP/HEMA)30 | 261 | 325 | 423 |
T10 (°C) | Tmax (1) (°C) | Tmax (2) (°C) | |
L-GelMa | 200 | 319 | --- |
L-GelMa-VP10 | 248 | 324 | 430 |
L-GelMa-VP30 | 259 | 325 | 431 |
L-GelMa-HEMA10 | 249 | 324 | 413 |
L-GelMa-HEMA30 | 260 | 325 | 414 |
L-GelMa-(VP/HEMA)10 | 245 | 325 | 420 |
L-GelMa-(VP/HEMA)30 | 260 | 325 | 423 |
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Pablos, J.L.; Jiménez-Holguín, J.; Salcedo, S.S.; Salinas, A.J.; Corrales, T.; Vallet-Regí, M. New Photocrosslinked 3D Foamed Scaffolds Based on GelMA Copolymers: Potential Application in Bone Tissue Engineering. Gels 2023, 9, 403. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9050403
Pablos JL, Jiménez-Holguín J, Salcedo SS, Salinas AJ, Corrales T, Vallet-Regí M. New Photocrosslinked 3D Foamed Scaffolds Based on GelMA Copolymers: Potential Application in Bone Tissue Engineering. Gels. 2023; 9(5):403. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9050403
Chicago/Turabian StylePablos, Jesús L., Javier Jiménez-Holguín, Sandra Sánchez Salcedo, Antonio J. Salinas, Teresa Corrales, and María Vallet-Regí. 2023. "New Photocrosslinked 3D Foamed Scaffolds Based on GelMA Copolymers: Potential Application in Bone Tissue Engineering" Gels 9, no. 5: 403. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9050403