Dynamic Analysis of Fermentation Quality, Microbial Community, and Metabolome in the Whole Plant Soybean Silage
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials Preparation
2.2. WPS Silage Chemical Composition Analysis
2.3. WPS Silage Bacterial Community Sequencing Analysis
2.4. WPS Silage Metabolite Analysis
2.5. Statistical Analysis and Graphing
3. Results
3.1. Chemical Compositions of WPS and WPS Silage
3.2. Microbial Community of the WPS Silage
3.3. Biomarker Selection and Correlation with Fermentation and Nutritional Indicators
3.4. Metabolite Analysis of WPS Silage
3.5. Correlations Between Chemical Composition and Microbial Community
4. Discussion
4.1. Fermentation Quality and Nutritional Indicators of the WPS Silage
4.2. Microbial Community and Key Bacteria of the WPS Silage
4.3. Metabolites Analysis and Correlation of Metabolites with Microbiome and Fermentation Indicators
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Item | WPS |
---|---|
DM (%) | 34.26 ± 0.28 |
CP (%) | 18.78 ± 0.38 |
ADF (%) | 35.26 ± 0.55 |
NDF (%) | 48.27 ± 0.58 |
CF (%) | 3.77 ± 0.09 |
WSC (%) | 3.84 ± 0.95 |
Items | 7 d | 15 d | 30 d | 60 d | 90 d | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DM (%) | 35.01 ± 0.95 b | 37.29 ± 0.37 a | 37.94 ± 0.38 a | 37.16 ± 0.33 a | 37.34 ± 0.36 a | <0.001 |
CP (%) | 18.32 ± 0.46 a | 18.35 ± 0.07 a | 17.02 ± 0.54 c | 17.92 ± 0.31 ab | 17.37 ± 0.33 bc | <0.001 |
CF (%) | 3.72 ± 0.07 a | 3.63 ± 0.08 a | 3.18 ± 0.98 c | 3.45 ± 0.05 b | 3.56 ± 0.03 ab | <0.001 |
NDF (%) | 48.55 ± 0.12 a | 45.87 ± 0.15 b | 46.11 ± 0.58 b | 43.11 ± 0.33 c | 43.77 ± 1.60 c | <0.001 |
ADF (%) | 31.07 ± 0.49 b | 32.01 ± 0.60 b | 31.78 ± 0.71 b | 32.22 ± 0.82 b | 34.50 ± 1.39 a | 0.009 |
WSC (%) | 2.51 ± 0.41 a | 1.88 ± 0.02 b | 1.63 ± 0.01 bc | 1.65 ± 0.16 bc | 1.39 ± 0.07 c | <0.001 |
pH | 5.98 ± 0.14 a | 5.96 ± 0.13 a | 5.96 ± 0.34 a | 5.42 ± 0.07 b | 5.13 ± 0.16 b | <0.001 |
LA (%) | 2.19 ± 0.04 b | 2.68 ± 0.18 a | 2.72 ± 0.09 a | 2.99 ± 0.16 a | 2.97 ± 0.11 a | <0.001 |
AA (%) | 1.70 ± 0.02 a | 1.50 ± 0.11 b | 1.45 ± 0.04 b | 1.73 ± 0.18 a | 1.27 ± 0.08 c | <0.001 |
PA (%) | 0.10 ± 0.02 c | 0.08 ± 0.03 c | 0.16 ± 0.04 ab | 0.11 ± 0.04 bc | 0.17 ± 0.02 a | 0.004 |
BA (%) | - | - | - | 0.06 ± 0.03 b | 0.12 ± 0.01 a | <0.001 |
NH3-H (%/TN) | 3.27 ± 0.13 d | 3.85 ± 0.31 c | 3.58 ± 0.10 cd | 4.47 ± 0.29 b | 5.17 ± 0.18 a | <0.001 |
AS (h) | 54.00 ± 2.00 e | 62.67 ± 2.52 d | 100.67 ± 5.32 c | 108.67 ± 3.38 b | 112.00 ± 2.87 a | <0.001 |
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Meng, H.; Jiang, Y.; Wang, L.; Li, Y.; Wang, S.; Tong, X.; Wang, S. Dynamic Analysis of Fermentation Quality, Microbial Community, and Metabolome in the Whole Plant Soybean Silage. Fermentation 2024, 10, 535. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10100535
Meng H, Jiang Y, Wang L, Li Y, Wang S, Tong X, Wang S. Dynamic Analysis of Fermentation Quality, Microbial Community, and Metabolome in the Whole Plant Soybean Silage. Fermentation. 2024; 10(10):535. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10100535
Chicago/Turabian StyleMeng, He, Yan Jiang, Lin Wang, Yuanming Li, Sui Wang, Xiaohong Tong, and Shaodong Wang. 2024. "Dynamic Analysis of Fermentation Quality, Microbial Community, and Metabolome in the Whole Plant Soybean Silage" Fermentation 10, no. 10: 535. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10100535
APA StyleMeng, H., Jiang, Y., Wang, L., Li, Y., Wang, S., Tong, X., & Wang, S. (2024). Dynamic Analysis of Fermentation Quality, Microbial Community, and Metabolome in the Whole Plant Soybean Silage. Fermentation, 10(10), 535. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10100535