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Fermentation
Volume 5
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10.3390/fermentation5040099
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Article

Evaluation of Filamentous Fungal Biomass Cultivated on Vinasse as an Alternative Nutrient Source of Fish Feed: Protein, Lipid, and Mineral Composition

by
Sajjad Karimi
1,2,*,
Nasrollah Mahboobi Soofiani
1,
Torbjörn Lundh
3,
Amir Mahboubi
2,
Anders Kiessling
3 and
Mohammad J. Taherzadeh
2
1
Fisheries Division, Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 8415683111, Iran
2
Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 50190 Borås, Sweden
3
Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Fermentation 2019, 5(4), 99; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation5040099
Submission received: 25 October 2019 / Revised: 25 November 2019 / Accepted: 27 November 2019 / Published: 2 December 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomass Conversion: Fermentation Chemicals and Fuels)
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Abstract

The rapid growth of aquaculture and scarcity of conventional fish feed supplements has prompted the introduction of new sustainable supplementation sources. In this study, the potential of five strains of fungal biomass of Ascomycetes and Zygomycetes edible filamentous fungi, Aspergillus oryzae, Neurospora intermedia, Rizhopus oryzae, Monascus purpureus, and Fusarium venenatum, cultivated on vinasse, a by-product of the bioethanol industry, as alternative protein sources for fishmeal in the fish diet was evaluated. It was observed that 5% vinasse with an initial pH of 5–6.5 can support fungal biomass yields of 34.3 ± 2.4–118.5 ± 3.9 g DM/L for A. Oryzae, N. intermedia, and R. oryzae. High protein contents of about 44.7%, 57.6%, and 50.9% (w/w), and fat contents of 7.0%, 3.5%, and 5.5% (w/w) were obtained for A. oryzae, N. intermedia, and R. oryzae, respectively. The latter three fungi species contained noticeable amino acid contents, including promising profiles of amino acids that are highly compatible with those of fishmeal. These findings provide evidence that fungal biomasses, with their relatively high protein content, good amino acid profiles, and other essential nutrients, are a promising supplementation alternative that can be produced from low-value by-products and organic-rich waste streams like vinasse to meet the dietary protein requirements in fish feed.
Keywords: aquaculture; vinasse; protein content; fishmeal replacement; fish diet; amino acid profile aquaculture; vinasse; protein content; fishmeal replacement; fish diet; amino acid profile
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MDPI and ACS Style

Karimi, S.; Mahboobi Soofiani, N.; Lundh, T.; Mahboubi, A.; Kiessling, A.; Taherzadeh, M.J. Evaluation of Filamentous Fungal Biomass Cultivated on Vinasse as an Alternative Nutrient Source of Fish Feed: Protein, Lipid, and Mineral Composition. Fermentation 2019, 5, 99. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation5040099

AMA Style

Karimi S, Mahboobi Soofiani N, Lundh T, Mahboubi A, Kiessling A, Taherzadeh MJ. Evaluation of Filamentous Fungal Biomass Cultivated on Vinasse as an Alternative Nutrient Source of Fish Feed: Protein, Lipid, and Mineral Composition. Fermentation. 2019; 5(4):99. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation5040099

Chicago/Turabian Style

Karimi, Sajjad, Nasrollah Mahboobi Soofiani, Torbjörn Lundh, Amir Mahboubi, Anders Kiessling, and Mohammad J. Taherzadeh. 2019. "Evaluation of Filamentous Fungal Biomass Cultivated on Vinasse as an Alternative Nutrient Source of Fish Feed: Protein, Lipid, and Mineral Composition" Fermentation 5, no. 4: 99. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation5040099

APA Style

Karimi, S., Mahboobi Soofiani, N., Lundh, T., Mahboubi, A., Kiessling, A., & Taherzadeh, M. J. (2019). Evaluation of Filamentous Fungal Biomass Cultivated on Vinasse as an Alternative Nutrient Source of Fish Feed: Protein, Lipid, and Mineral Composition. Fermentation, 5(4), 99. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation5040099

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