Evaluation of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis-Induced Muscle Degeneration Using Magnetic Resonance-Based Relaxivity Contrast Imaging (RCI)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patient Cohort
2.2. Image Acquisition
2.3. Image Analysis
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Comparative Analysis
3.2. Longitudinal Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Dual Echo Time Series | Multi-Echo | T1 Map (VFA) | mDixon | T2 Map | T1w TSE | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TR [ms] | 21 | 34 | 7.7 | 8.5 | 3605 | 598 |
TE(s) [ms] | [1.06, 20.0] | [4.9, 11.4, 17.9, 24.4, 30.9] | 4.6 | 1.4 | [12.0, 18.1, 24.2, 30.3, 36.4, 42.5] | 8 |
Flip Angle(s) [o] | 25 | 25 | [20,18, 16, 14, 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, 2] | 3 | 90 | 90 |
Acq. Resolution [mm2] | 3.0 × 3.0 | 1.5 × 1.5 | 2.5 × 2.5 | 1.3 × 1.3 | 3.4 × 3.4 | 1.0 × 1.0 |
Slice Thickness [mm] | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 |
# Dynamics | 150 | - | - | - | - | - |
# Echoes | 2 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 1 |
TSE factor | - | - | - | - | 6 | 5 |
SENSE | 3.5 (RL), 1.5 (AP) | 2 (AP), 1.25 (FH) | 2 (AP) | - | 2 (AP) | - |
FOV [mm3] | 300 × 230 × 248 | 300 × 230 × 248 | 300 × 230 × 248 | 300 × 230 × 195 | 300 × 230 × 248 | 300 × 230 × 248 |
Scan Time [mm:ss] | 12:55 | 01:42 | 03:36 | 01:12 | 04:19 | 04:51 |
Imaging Metric | TRATE [mM−1s−1] ∆R2*(t) [s−1] | T2* [ms] | T1 [ms] | Fat Fraction [%] | T2 [ms] | Signal Magnitude [a.u] |
Muscle Group | Mean (SD) | 95% Confidence Interval | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
ALS Patient | Healthy Control | ALS Patient | Healthy Control | |
Tibialis Anterior | 27.67 (5.54) | 71.09 (13.52) | [24.7, 30.7] | [62.5, 79.7] |
Peroneus Longus | 52.75 (8.76) | 80.50 (15.52) | [48.0, 57.9] | [70.6, 90.4] |
Tibialis Posterior | 43.94 (10.02) | 83.80 (15.14) | [38.5, 49.4] | [74.2, 93.4] |
Medial Gastrocnemius | 58.72 (10.49) | 89.56 (15.35) | [53.0, 64.4] | [79.8, 99.3] |
Lateral Gastrocnemius | 50.39 (12.67) | 85.81 (13.71) | [43.5, 57.3] | [77.1, 94.5] |
Parameters | (Visit 2 − Visit 1)/Visit 1 [%] |
---|---|
ALSFRS-R Total [a.u.] | −4.70 * |
ALSFRS-R Lower Limb [a.u.] | −13.04 * |
HHD left [lbs] | −12.18 * |
HHD Right [lbs] | −16.42 * |
TRATE [mM−1 s−1] | −21.62 * |
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Ragunathan, S.; Bell, L.C.; Semmineh, N.; Stokes, A.M.; Shefner, J.M.; Bowser, R.; Ladha, S.; Quarles, C.C. Evaluation of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis-Induced Muscle Degeneration Using Magnetic Resonance-Based Relaxivity Contrast Imaging (RCI). Tomography 2021, 7, 169-179. https://doi.org/10.3390/tomography7020015
Ragunathan S, Bell LC, Semmineh N, Stokes AM, Shefner JM, Bowser R, Ladha S, Quarles CC. Evaluation of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis-Induced Muscle Degeneration Using Magnetic Resonance-Based Relaxivity Contrast Imaging (RCI). Tomography. 2021; 7(2):169-179. https://doi.org/10.3390/tomography7020015
Chicago/Turabian StyleRagunathan, Sudarshan, Laura C. Bell, Natenael Semmineh, Ashley M. Stokes, Jeremy M. Shefner, Robert Bowser, Shafeeq Ladha, and C. Chad Quarles. 2021. "Evaluation of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis-Induced Muscle Degeneration Using Magnetic Resonance-Based Relaxivity Contrast Imaging (RCI)" Tomography 7, no. 2: 169-179. https://doi.org/10.3390/tomography7020015
APA StyleRagunathan, S., Bell, L. C., Semmineh, N., Stokes, A. M., Shefner, J. M., Bowser, R., Ladha, S., & Quarles, C. C. (2021). Evaluation of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis-Induced Muscle Degeneration Using Magnetic Resonance-Based Relaxivity Contrast Imaging (RCI). Tomography, 7(2), 169-179. https://doi.org/10.3390/tomography7020015