Sustainable Management of Organic Wastes in Sharjah, UAE through Co-Composting
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Experimental Set-Up
2.3. Assessment of Mixing Proportion
2.4. Experimental Approach
2.5. Analytical Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Effect of Mixing Proportion on Compost Characteristics
3.1.1. Temperature
3.1.2. Physical Characteristics
3.1.3. pH
3.1.4. Conductivity and Salinity
3.1.5. Organic Matter
3.1.6. Organic Carbon
3.1.7. C:N Ratio
3.1.8. Total Nitrogen
3.1.9. Total Phosphorus
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sewage Sludge | Green Waste | Food Waste | |
---|---|---|---|
pH | 7.1 | 6.05 | 4.33 |
Conductivity, mS/cm | 0.78 | 11.4 | 5.3 |
Salinity 1, % | 0.4 | 6.5 | 2.8 |
Moisture content 1, % | 80.8 | 7.9 | 58.9 |
Organic matter 1, % | 72.1 | 70.8 | 93.7 |
Organic carbon 1, % | 41.8 | 41.16 | 54.4 |
C:N ratio 1 | 7.45 | 37.0 | 15.7 |
Total nitrogen 1, % | 5.6 | 1.1 | 3.5 |
Phosphorus as P2O5 1, % | 2.6 | 0.3 | 0.7 |
Density, g/L | 215 | 34 | 194 |
Mixture | Sewage Sludge | Green Waste | Food Waste | Total Waste (L) | C:N Ratio (w/w) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 50 | 15 | 35 | 8.5 | 14.79 |
2 | 40 | 15 | 45 | 8.6 | 15.61 |
3 | 30 | 15 | 55 | 6.7 | 16.43 |
4 | 50 | 20 | 30 | 4.9 | 15.85 |
5 | 40 | 20 | 40 | 4.9 | 16.67 |
6 | 30 | 20 | 50 | 4.9 | 17.50 |
7 | 40 | 35 | 25 | 8.7 | 19.87 |
8 | 86 | 14 | 0 | 6.1 | 11.61 |
9 | 50 | 30 | 20 | 6.7 | 17.98 |
Parameter | Standard |
---|---|
pH | ≤7.5 |
Conductivity, mS/cm | ≤10 |
Salinity, % | <2% |
Moisture content, % | <25% |
Organic matter at 550 C, % | ≥40% |
Organic carbon, % | Around 54% |
C:N Ratio | ≤20:1 |
Total nitrogen, % | From less than 1% to 5% |
Phosphorus as P2O5, % | NA |
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Mortula, M.M.; Ahmed, A.; Fattah, K.P.; Zannerni, G.; Shah, S.A.; Sharaby, A.M. Sustainable Management of Organic Wastes in Sharjah, UAE through Co-Composting. Methods Protoc. 2020, 3, 76. https://doi.org/10.3390/mps3040076
Mortula MM, Ahmed A, Fattah KP, Zannerni G, Shah SA, Sharaby AM. Sustainable Management of Organic Wastes in Sharjah, UAE through Co-Composting. Methods and Protocols. 2020; 3(4):76. https://doi.org/10.3390/mps3040076
Chicago/Turabian StyleMortula, Md Maruf, Aqeel Ahmed, Kazi Parvez Fattah, Ghina Zannerni, Syed A. Shah, and Ahmed M. Sharaby. 2020. "Sustainable Management of Organic Wastes in Sharjah, UAE through Co-Composting" Methods and Protocols 3, no. 4: 76. https://doi.org/10.3390/mps3040076