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Article

Effects of Single or Combined Administration of Dietary Synbiotic and Sodium Propionate on Humoral Immunity and Oxidative Defense, Digestive Enzymes and Growth Performances of African Cichlid (Labidochromis lividus) Challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila

by
Omid Safari
1,*,
Mehrdad Sarkheil
1,
Davar Shahsavani
2 and
Marina Paolucci
3
1
Department of Fishery, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91773-1363, Iran
2
Department of Food hygiene and Aquaculture, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91773-1363, Iran
3
Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Fishes 2021, 6(4), 63; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes6040063
Submission received: 23 October 2021 / Revised: 9 November 2021 / Accepted: 10 November 2021 / Published: 15 November 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Advances and Challenges in Fisheries and Aquaculture Science: Feature Papers for the New Journey of Fishes)
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Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential effects of dietary synbiotic (SYN) (Pediococcus acidilactici + Galactooligosaccharides; 10 g kg−1), sodium propionate (SP; 5, 10 and 20 g kg−1) and a combination of SYN + SP on the growth performance, humoral immunity, antioxidant responses and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila of African cichlid (Labidochromis lividus) fingerlings (0.52 ± 0.05 g) in a feeding trial lasting 63 days. A completely randomized design was run with eight treatments, including 0 (control) and supplemented diets containing SYN + SP (e.g., 10 + 5, 10 + 10, 10 + 20, 0 + 5, 0 + 10, 0 + 20 and 10 + 10). The lowest feed conversion ratio value was observed in fish fed the 5 g kg−1-SP and 10 g kg−1-SYN (p < 0.05). The highest values of protein efficiency ratio and protein productive value were recorded in fish fed the 10 g kg−1-SYN (p < 0.05). Fish fed the 10 g kg−1-SYN diet had the highest activities of immunity (lysozyme, immunoglobulin) and antioxidant responses (glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) (p < 0.05). After 28 days post-challenge, the highest survival rate (57%) was recorded in the diet containing 10 g kg−1 SYN and 5 g kg−1 SP. The results indicated that the single administration of SYN or combined with SP, especially at the level of 5 g kg−1 of diet, enhanced the survival and growth performances, humoral immune response, antioxidant and digestive enzymes of African cichlid.
Keywords: synbiotic; acidifier; organic salt; humoral immune response; antioxidant enzymes; digestive enzymes; disease resistance synbiotic; acidifier; organic salt; humoral immune response; antioxidant enzymes; digestive enzymes; disease resistance
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MDPI and ACS Style

Safari, O.; Sarkheil, M.; Shahsavani, D.; Paolucci, M. Effects of Single or Combined Administration of Dietary Synbiotic and Sodium Propionate on Humoral Immunity and Oxidative Defense, Digestive Enzymes and Growth Performances of African Cichlid (Labidochromis lividus) Challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. Fishes 2021, 6, 63. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes6040063

AMA Style

Safari O, Sarkheil M, Shahsavani D, Paolucci M. Effects of Single or Combined Administration of Dietary Synbiotic and Sodium Propionate on Humoral Immunity and Oxidative Defense, Digestive Enzymes and Growth Performances of African Cichlid (Labidochromis lividus) Challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. Fishes. 2021; 6(4):63. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes6040063

Chicago/Turabian Style

Safari, Omid, Mehrdad Sarkheil, Davar Shahsavani, and Marina Paolucci. 2021. "Effects of Single or Combined Administration of Dietary Synbiotic and Sodium Propionate on Humoral Immunity and Oxidative Defense, Digestive Enzymes and Growth Performances of African Cichlid (Labidochromis lividus) Challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila" Fishes 6, no. 4: 63. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes6040063

APA Style

Safari, O., Sarkheil, M., Shahsavani, D., & Paolucci, M. (2021). Effects of Single or Combined Administration of Dietary Synbiotic and Sodium Propionate on Humoral Immunity and Oxidative Defense, Digestive Enzymes and Growth Performances of African Cichlid (Labidochromis lividus) Challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. Fishes, 6(4), 63. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes6040063

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