Dietary Nanometer Selenium Enhances the Selenium Accumulation, Nutrient Composition and Antioxidant Status of Paramisgurnus dabryanus spp.
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Diet Preparation
2.2. Experimental Design
2.3. Sample Collection
2.4. Determination of Whole Fish Body Composition
2.5. Determination of Selenium and Amino Acid Content
2.6. Hepatic Antioxidant Enzyme Activity Assay
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Growth Performance
3.2. Antioxidant Ability
3.3. Body Composition
3.4. Selenium Accumulation in Muscle
3.5. Amino Acid Analysis in Muscle
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ingredient | Diet | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.6 | |
Fish meal | 25.00 | 25.00 | 25.00 | 25.00 | 25.00 |
Prawn paste | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 |
Squid paste | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 |
Fish-soluble pulp | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 |
Soybean meal | 30.00 | 30.00 | 30.00 | 30.00 | 30.00 |
Rapeseed meal | 15.00 | 15.00 | 15.00 | 15.00 | 15.00 |
Strong wheat flour | 18.00 | 18.00 | 18.00 | 18.00 | 18.00 |
Soybean phospholipid oil | 2.50 | 2.50 | 2.50 | 2.50 | 2.50 |
Monocalcium phosphate | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 |
Choline chloride | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 |
Premix a | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 |
Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
Nano-Se (mg/kg) | 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.20 | 0.40 | 0.60 |
Proximate composition b | |||||
Crude protein | 37.31 ± 0.14 | 37.57 ± 0.23 | 37.44 ± 0.18 | 37.37 ± 0.21 | 37.28 ± 0.09 |
Crude fat | 6.86 ± 0.13 | 6.78 ± 0.15 | 6.75 ± 0.06 | 6.71 ± 0.09 | 6.82 ± 0.11 |
Ash | 9.65 ± 0.12 | 9.59 ± 0.19 | 9.55 ± 0.17 | 9.71 ± 0.07 | 9.64 ± 0.13 |
Moisture | 11.59 ± 0.13 | 11.62 ± 0.11 | 11.57 ± 0.08 | 11.65 ± 0.12 | 11.56 ± 0.07 |
Se concentration c | 0.534 ± 0.03 | 0.626 ± 0.02 | 0.746 ± 0.04 | 0.932 ± 0.03 | 1.166 ± 0.05 |
Growth Parameters | Dietary Nano-Se Levels (mg/kg) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.6 | |
Initial weight (g) | 5.14 ± 0.16 a | 5.34 ± 0.13 a | 5.17 ± 0.31 a | 5.20 ± 0.46 a | 5.16 ± 0.44 a |
Final weight (g) | 8.79 ± 0.42 a | 9.41 ± 0.14 ab | 9.93 ± 0.63 b | 8.99 ± 0.40 a | 8.88 ± 0.33 a |
SR (%) | 85.00 ± 5.00 ab | 81.67 ± 2.89 a | 90.00 ± 5.00 bc | 93.33 ± 2.87 c | 90.00 ± 0.00 bc |
WGR (%) | 71.16 ± 7.50 a | 76.42 ± 1.71 a | 92.11 ± 2.89 b | 73.33 ± 7.19 a | 72.74 ± 9.68 a |
SGR (%/d) | 1.28 ± 0.13 a | 1.35 ± 0.03 a | 1.56 ± 0.04 b | 1.31 ± 0.12 a | 1.30 ± 0.16 a |
FCR | 1.74 ± 0.09 c | 1.78 ± 0.13 c | 1.51 ± 0.03 a | 1.70 ± 0.07 bc | 1.56 ± 0.07 ab |
CF (g/cm3) | 0.87 ± 0.04 a | 0.89 ± 0.10 a | 0.93 ± 0.04 a | 0.84 ± 0.06 a | 0.87 ± 0.06 a |
Addition Amount of Nano-Se (mg/kg) | Body Composition (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Moisture (%) | Crude Protein (%) | Crude Fat (%) | |
0 | 73.90 ± 0.19 a | 16.43 ± 0.52 a | 5.82 ± 0.09 ab |
0.1 | 74.69 ± 1.51 a | 16.40 ± 0.20 a | 5.30 ± 0.21 a |
0.2 | 72.69 ± 1.77 a | 16.46 ± 0.10 a | 6.60 ± 0.48 c |
0.4 | 73.93 ± 0.81 a | 15.89 ± 0.41 a | 6.14 ± 0.26 bc |
0.6 | 73.32 ± 2.41 a | 15.92 ± 0.43 a | 5.80 ± 0.47 ab |
Addition Amount of Nano-Se (mg/kg) | Selenium Content (mg/kg) |
---|---|
0 | 0.134 ± 0.003 a |
0.1 | 0.142 ± 0.007 a |
0.2 | 0.169 ± 0.005 b |
0.4 | 0.184 ± 0.006 c |
0.6 | 0.194 ± 0.007 c |
Amino Acids | Amount of Nano-Se (mg/kg) Added | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.6 | |
Lysine 1 | 1.75 ± 0.06 a | 1.87 ± 0.07 b | 1.88 ± 0.07 b | 1.88 ± 0.01 b | 1.85 ± 0.04 ab |
Methionine 1 | 0.54 ± 0.02 a | 0.58 ± 0.02 b | 0.57 ± 0.01 b | 0.57 ± 0.01 b | 0.57 ± 0.02 b |
Valine 1 | 0.88 ± 0.02 a | 0.95 ± 0.02 bc | 0.96 ± 0.03 bc | 0.98 ± 0.02 c | 0.94 ± 0.03 b |
Isoleucine 1 | 0.84 ± 0.01 a | 0.92 ± 0.01 b | 0.92 ± 0.03 b | 0.91 ± 0.02 b | 0.90 ± 0.02 b |
Leucine 1 | 1.38 ± 0.03 a | 1.49 ± 0.03 b | 1.50 ± 0.04 b | 1.45 ± 0.01 b | 1.47 ± 0.04 b |
Phenylalanine 1,3 | 0.78 ± 0.02 a | 0.83 ± 0.02 b | 0.84 ± 0.03 b | 0.85 ± 0.02 b | 0.82 ± 0.02 b |
Threonine 1 | 0.82 ± 0.02 a | 0.90 ± 0.04 b | 0.89 ± 0.04 b | 0.89 ± 0.02 b | 0.90 ± 0.02 b |
Aspartic acid 2,3 | 1.81 ± 0.04 a | 1.96 ± 0.04 b | 1.97 ± 0.06 b | 1.90 ± 0.01 b | 1.93 ± 0.04 b |
Serine 2 | 0.58 ± 0.02 a | 0.60 ± 0.03 a | 0.59 ± 0.02 a | 0.59 ± 0.01 a | 0.58 ± 0.01 a |
Glutamic acid 2,3 | 2.88 ± 0.07 a | 3.09 ± 0.04 b | 3.08 ± 0.09 b | 3.14 ± 0.04 b | 3.06 ± 0.08 b |
Glycine 2,3 | 1.02 ± 0.04 a | 1.14 ± 0.03 b | 1.00 ± 0.01 a | 1.07 ± 0.02 ab | 1.07 ± 0.03 ab |
Alanine 2,3 | 1.10 ± 0.03 a | 1.20 ± 0.03 b | 1.18 ± 0.03 b | 1.18 ± 0.01 b | 1.19 ± 0.04 b |
Tyrosine 2,3 | 0.55 ± 0.01 a | 0.59 ± 0.01 b | 0.59 ± 0.01 b | 0.62 ± 0.01 c | 0.61 ± 0.02 bc |
Histidine 2 | 0.54 ± 0.01 a | 0.55 ± 0.01 a | 0.61 ± 0.02 c | 0.59 ± 0.01 b | 0.53 ± 0.01 a |
Arginine 2 | 1.14 ± 0.04 a | 1.27 ± 0.02 b | 1.26 ± 0.03 b | 1.24 ± 0.01 b | 1.25 ± 0.03 b |
Proline 2 | 0.70 ± 0.02 a | 0.79 ± 0.02 c | 0.74 ± 0.01 b | 0.79 ± 0.02 c | 0.77 ± 0.03 c |
Cystine 2 | 0.16 ± 0.01 a | 0.16 ± 0.00 a | 0.16 ± 0.00 a | 0.16 ± 0.00 a | 0.16 ± 0.00 a |
EAA | 6.99 ± 0.14 a | 7.54 ± 0.20 b | 7.57 ± 0.23 b | 7.53 ± 0.08 b | 7.44 ± 0.16 b |
NEAA | 10.48 ± 0.22 a | 11.36 ± 0.19 b | 11.17 ± 0.24 b | 11.28 ± 0.05 b | 11.15 ± 0.28 b |
DAA | 8.14 ± 0.18 a | 8.81 ± 0.16 b | 8.65 ± 0.20 b | 8.75 ± 0.05 b | 8.67 ± 0.24 b |
TAA | 17.47 ± 0.36 a | 18. 90 ± 0.38 b | 18.73 ± 0.47 b | 18.82 ± 0.13 b | 18.59 ± 0.43 b |
EAA/TAA | 40.02 ± 0.09% a | 39.91 ± 0.23% a | 40.39 ± 0.24% b | 40.03 ± 0.17% a | 40.04 ± 0.14% a |
NEAA/TAA | 59.98 ±0.09% b | 60.09 ± 0.23% b | 59.61 ± 0.24% a | 59.97 ± 0.17% b | 59.96 ± 0.14% b |
EAA/NEAA | 66.72 ± 0.24% a | 66.42 ± 0.65% a | 67.75 ± 0.68% b | 66.76 ± 0.48% a | 66.78 ± 0.38% a |
DAA/TAA | 46.58 ± 0.12% b | 46.63 ± 0.12% b | 46.16 ± 0.13% a | 46.52 ± 0.05% b | 46.64 ± 0.21% b |
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Chen, J.; Xing, S.; Xu, H.; Zhu, H.; Fu, H.; Wang, H.; Li, F.; Zhu, M. Dietary Nanometer Selenium Enhances the Selenium Accumulation, Nutrient Composition and Antioxidant Status of Paramisgurnus dabryanus spp. Fishes 2024, 9, 28. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9010028
Chen J, Xing S, Xu H, Zhu H, Fu H, Wang H, Li F, Zhu M. Dietary Nanometer Selenium Enhances the Selenium Accumulation, Nutrient Composition and Antioxidant Status of Paramisgurnus dabryanus spp. Fishes. 2024; 9(1):28. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9010028
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Jianhua, Shaopeng Xing, Haixin Xu, Honggeng Zhu, Huiyun Fu, Haihua Wang, Fugui Li, and Ming Zhu. 2024. "Dietary Nanometer Selenium Enhances the Selenium Accumulation, Nutrient Composition and Antioxidant Status of Paramisgurnus dabryanus spp." Fishes 9, no. 1: 28. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9010028