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Volume 9
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10.3390/fishes9100390
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Article

Assessing the Effects of Guiera senegalensis, Pluchea odorata, and Piliostigma reticulatum Leaf Powder Supplementation on Growth, Immune Response, Digestive Histology, and Survival of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758) Juveniles before and after Aeromonas hydrophila Infection

by
Paul M. Ndour
1,2,
Jean Fall
2,
Maria J. Darias
3,
Domenico Caruso
4,
Marc Canonne
4,5,
Elodie Pepey
4,5,
Sophie Hermet
3,
Sokhna K. L. Fall
1,
Malick Diouf
1 and
Samira Sarter
4,5,*
1
Faculty of Sciences and Technical, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, 5005 Dakar, Senegal
2
University Institute of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, 5005 Dakar, Senegal
3
MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, F-34398 Montpellier, France
4
ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, F-34398 Montpellier, France
5
CIRAD, UMR ISEM, F-34398 Montpellier, France
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Fishes 2024, 9(10), 390; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9100390 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 5 September 2024 / Revised: 26 September 2024 / Accepted: 27 September 2024 / Published: 28 September 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Aquaculture)
Versions Notes

Abstract

The effects of three medicinal plants in the feeds of juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were investigated on growth, survival, immunity, and digestive histology at various inclusion levels: (A) Guiera senegalensis at 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8%; (B) Pluchea odorata at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4%; (C) Piliostigma reticulatum at 0, 1, and 2%; and (D) a mixture of the three at 0, 1, and 2%. After 28 days of feeding, fish were infected with Aeromonas hydrophila for 12 days. The results showed that, except for G. senegalensis, the inclusion of the medicinal plants, alone or combined, enhanced the immune response. The diet with 4% P. odorata significantly increased plasma lysozyme and bactericidal activities without affecting feed conversion efficiency or growth. Despite improved immunity, none of the treatments enhanced post-infection survival rates. However, fish fed the 1% mixture showed healthier livers and intestines, with reduced cell swelling and normal lipid deposits, followed by the 2% mixture and the control. These results highlight the potential benefits of incorporating P. odorata and the plant mixture into the diets of Nile tilapia juveniles for enhancing their immune response against A. hydrophila.
Keywords: Aeromonas hydrophila; growth; immunity; medicinal plants; Nile tilapia; histology Aeromonas hydrophila; growth; immunity; medicinal plants; Nile tilapia; histology

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ndour, P.M.; Fall, J.; Darias, M.J.; Caruso, D.; Canonne, M.; Pepey, E.; Hermet, S.; Fall, S.K.L.; Diouf, M.; Sarter, S. Assessing the Effects of Guiera senegalensis, Pluchea odorata, and Piliostigma reticulatum Leaf Powder Supplementation on Growth, Immune Response, Digestive Histology, and Survival of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758) Juveniles before and after Aeromonas hydrophila Infection. Fishes 2024, 9, 390. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9100390

AMA Style

Ndour PM, Fall J, Darias MJ, Caruso D, Canonne M, Pepey E, Hermet S, Fall SKL, Diouf M, Sarter S. Assessing the Effects of Guiera senegalensis, Pluchea odorata, and Piliostigma reticulatum Leaf Powder Supplementation on Growth, Immune Response, Digestive Histology, and Survival of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758) Juveniles before and after Aeromonas hydrophila Infection. Fishes. 2024; 9(10):390. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9100390

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ndour, Paul M., Jean Fall, Maria J. Darias, Domenico Caruso, Marc Canonne, Elodie Pepey, Sophie Hermet, Sokhna K. L. Fall, Malick Diouf, and Samira Sarter. 2024. "Assessing the Effects of Guiera senegalensis, Pluchea odorata, and Piliostigma reticulatum Leaf Powder Supplementation on Growth, Immune Response, Digestive Histology, and Survival of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758) Juveniles before and after Aeromonas hydrophila Infection" Fishes 9, no. 10: 390. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9100390

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