Spatiotemporal Distribution of Antarctic Silverfish in the Ross Sea, Antarctica
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Survey Regions and Acoustic Data Collection
2.2. Sample Catch Data
2.3. The Kirchhoff–Ray Mode (KRM)
2.4. Data Processing
3. Results
- at 38 kHz,
- at 120 kHz
- And at 200 kHz
- at 38 kHz,
- at 120 kHz
- And at 200 kHz
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Survey Rounds | Survey Period | Survey Transects |
---|---|---|
1st | 16 February 2018–10 March 2018 | 06 |
2nd | 21 December 2018–18 January 2019 | 12 |
3rd | 3 March 2020–7 April 2020 | 12 |
4th | 6 December 2020–22 December 2020 | 10 |
Frequency | 120 kHz | 200 kHz |
---|---|---|
Horizontal extent (ping) | 20 | 20 |
Vertical units | samples | samples |
Vertical extent (samples) | 5 | 5 |
Vertical overlap (%) | 0 | 0 |
Maximum noise (dB) | −125 | −250 |
Minimum SNR | 10 | 10 |
Frequency | 120 kHz |
---|---|
Exclude above | Fixed depth surface exclusion at 10 m |
Exclude below | Minimum integration stop depth |
Exclude below threshold (dB at 1 m) | −170 |
Vertical window units | Samples |
Vertical window size (samples) | 5 |
Horizontal size (ping) | 7 |
Vertical size (samples) | 9 |
Calculations per sample | 63 |
Percentile | 50 |
Threshold (dB) | 10 |
Noise sample replacement value | Percentile |
percentile | 10 |
Frequency | 200 kHz |
---|---|
Exclude above | Surface |
Exclude below | Bottom |
Exclude below threshold (dB at 1 m) | −150 |
Vertical window units | Samples |
Vertical window size (samples) | 3 |
Horizontal size (pings) | 3 |
Threshold (dB) | 10 |
Noise sample replacement value | Mean |
Station | Date (DD.MM.YYYY) | Latitude (°) | Longitude (°) | Number Caught (N) | Antarctic Silverfish Ratio (% by Number) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 12.07.2020 | 74°56.9′ S | 164°06.8′ E | 15 | 53.3 333 3 |
2 | 12.09.2020 | 74°48.2′ S | 166°00.4′ E | 106 | |
3 | 12.11.2020 | 74°34.0′ S | 171°00.1′ E | 123 | 15.4 |
4 | 13.12.2020 | 77°22.4′ S | 176°17.9′ E | 155 | 1.3 |
5 | 14.12.2020 | 75°26.4′ S | 176°17.9′ E | 150 | 30.7 |
6 | 14.12.2020 | 74°31.5′ S | 179°11.0′ W | 103 | 1.0 |
7 | 15.12.2020 | 76°40.0′ S | 179°11.9′ W | 7 | 14.3 |
8 | 16.12.2020 | 77°41.6′ S | 179°00.3′ W | 28 | 21.4 |
Antarctic Krill (Euphausia superba) | Ice Krill (Euphausia crystallorophias) | Antarctic Silverfish (Pleuragramma antarcticum) | |
---|---|---|---|
Minimum length (cm) | 3.14 | 1.77 | 3.42 |
Maximum length (cm) | 4.95 | 3.92 | 9.40 |
Average length (cm) | 4.10 | 2.79 | 4.83 |
Standard deviation | 3.24 | 4.51 | 0.96 |
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Lee, S.; Oh, W.; La, H.S.; Son, W.; Kim, J.-H.; Lee, K. Spatiotemporal Distribution of Antarctic Silverfish in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Fishes 2024, 9, 47. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9020047
Lee S, Oh W, La HS, Son W, Kim J-H, Lee K. Spatiotemporal Distribution of Antarctic Silverfish in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Fishes. 2024; 9(2):47. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9020047
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Sara, Wooseok Oh, Hyoung Sul La, Wuju Son, Jeong-Hoon Kim, and Kyounghoon Lee. 2024. "Spatiotemporal Distribution of Antarctic Silverfish in the Ross Sea, Antarctica" Fishes 9, no. 2: 47. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9020047