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Review

Recent Developments in 3D Printing of Rare-Earth-Free Permanent Magnets

by
Chitnarong Sirisathitkul
1,2,3 and
Yaowarat Sirisathitkul
1,4,*
1
Functional Materials and Nanotechnology Center of Excellence, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
2
Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
3
Division of Physics, School of Science, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
4
School of Engineering and Technology, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Inventions 2022, 7(3), 71; https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions7030071
Submission received: 22 July 2022 / Revised: 13 August 2022 / Accepted: 16 August 2022 / Published: 22 August 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovations in 3D Printing 2.0)

Abstract

This article reviews the advances in additive manufacturing of magnetic ceramics and alloys without rare-earth elements. Near-net-shaped permanent magnets with varying shapes and dimensions overcome traditional limitations of the cast, sintered, and bonded magnets. The published articles are categorized based on material types and 3D printing techniques. Selective laser melting and electron beam melting were predominantly used to produce alnico magnets. In addition to the electron beam melting, manganese aluminium-based alloys were successfully printed by fuse filament fabrication. By incorporating magnetic powders in polymers and then printing via extrusion, the fuse filament fabrication was also used to produce strontium ferrite magnets. Moreover, hard ferrites were printed by stereolithography and extrusion free-forming, without drawing composites into filaments. Magnetic properties in some cases are comparable to those of conventional magnets with the same compositions. Currently, available software packages can simulate magnetic fields for designing magnets and optimize the integration in electrical machines. These developments open up opportunities for next-generation permanent magnet applications.
Keywords: additive manufacturing; 3D printer; permanent magnet; hard ferrite; manganese-based alloy additive manufacturing; 3D printer; permanent magnet; hard ferrite; manganese-based alloy

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MDPI and ACS Style

Sirisathitkul, C.; Sirisathitkul, Y. Recent Developments in 3D Printing of Rare-Earth-Free Permanent Magnets. Inventions 2022, 7, 71. https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions7030071

AMA Style

Sirisathitkul C, Sirisathitkul Y. Recent Developments in 3D Printing of Rare-Earth-Free Permanent Magnets. Inventions. 2022; 7(3):71. https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions7030071

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sirisathitkul, Chitnarong, and Yaowarat Sirisathitkul. 2022. "Recent Developments in 3D Printing of Rare-Earth-Free Permanent Magnets" Inventions 7, no. 3: 71. https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions7030071

APA Style

Sirisathitkul, C., & Sirisathitkul, Y. (2022). Recent Developments in 3D Printing of Rare-Earth-Free Permanent Magnets. Inventions, 7(3), 71. https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions7030071

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