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Article

The Kneeling Isometric Plantar Flexor Test: Preliminary Reliability and Feasibility in Professional Youth Football

by
John J. McMahon
1,*,
Nicholas J. Ripley
1,
Paul Comfort
1,2,
Francisco Javier Robles-Palazón
1,3,
Jack T. Fahey
1,
Andrew J. Badby
1 and
Christopher Bramah
1
1
Centre for Human Movement and Rehabilitation Research, University of Salford, Salford M6 6PU, UK
2
Centre for Exercise and Sport Science Research, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
3
Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30720 Murcia, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2023, 8(4), 164; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk8040164
Submission received: 30 October 2023 / Revised: 20 November 2023 / Accepted: 28 November 2023 / Published: 30 November 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ecological View on Training and Testing Athletic Performance: The Role of Sports Kinesiology)
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Abstract

Calf injuries are common in professional football; thus, the establishment of reliable and time-efficient methods of measuring the peak force capabilities of the plantar flexors with equipment that is accessible to football practitioners is valuable. In this study, we determined the preliminary reliability and feasibility of a new test, termed the kneeling isometric plantar flexion test (KIPFT), for footballers. Twenty-one male youth footballers (age = 17.8 ± 1.1 years, height = 182 ± 5 cm, weight = 77.6 ± 5.9 kg) from English League One football clubs completed three trials of the KIPFT on a wireless force plate at the end (2022–2023) and start (2023–2024) of the season. The within-session reliability of the peak force (relative to body weight) was good–excellent for both limbs and both occasions. On average, performance of the KIPFT took just over 1 min per limb and ~2 min to set up. The peak force values were larger for the non-dominant limbs only at the start versus the end of the season, but there were no between-limb differences. From these results, it was determined that (1) the KIPFT is feasible, (2) a minimum of 32 footballers would be required to establish its between-session reliability with ≥80% statistical power and (3) large-cohort normative data for the KIPFT may be best collected at the start of the football season.
Keywords: soleus; calf; maximal strength; force plate; soccer; injury soleus; calf; maximal strength; force plate; soccer; injury

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MDPI and ACS Style

McMahon, J.J.; Ripley, N.J.; Comfort, P.; Robles-Palazón, F.J.; Fahey, J.T.; Badby, A.J.; Bramah, C. The Kneeling Isometric Plantar Flexor Test: Preliminary Reliability and Feasibility in Professional Youth Football. J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2023, 8, 164. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk8040164

AMA Style

McMahon JJ, Ripley NJ, Comfort P, Robles-Palazón FJ, Fahey JT, Badby AJ, Bramah C. The Kneeling Isometric Plantar Flexor Test: Preliminary Reliability and Feasibility in Professional Youth Football. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 2023; 8(4):164. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk8040164

Chicago/Turabian Style

McMahon, John J., Nicholas J. Ripley, Paul Comfort, Francisco Javier Robles-Palazón, Jack T. Fahey, Andrew J. Badby, and Christopher Bramah. 2023. "The Kneeling Isometric Plantar Flexor Test: Preliminary Reliability and Feasibility in Professional Youth Football" Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 8, no. 4: 164. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk8040164

APA Style

McMahon, J. J., Ripley, N. J., Comfort, P., Robles-Palazón, F. J., Fahey, J. T., Badby, A. J., & Bramah, C. (2023). The Kneeling Isometric Plantar Flexor Test: Preliminary Reliability and Feasibility in Professional Youth Football. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 8(4), 164. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk8040164

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