Vision

8 pages, 418 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparison of Eye Axial Length Measurements Taken Using Partial Coherence Interferometry and OCT Biometry

by Nicola Rizzieri and Alessio Facchin

Vision 2024, 8(3), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/vision8030046 - 26 Jul 2024

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This study evaluates the inter-device measurement properties of partial coherence interferometry (PCI) and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in measuring axial length, particularly for myopia management. We recruited 82 eyes from 41 adult participants with a mean age of 31.0 ± 17.6 [...] Read more.

This study evaluates the inter-device measurement properties of partial coherence interferometry (PCI) and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in measuring axial length, particularly for myopia management. We recruited 82 eyes from 41 adult participants with a mean age of 31.0 ± 17.6 years and a mean spherical equivalent of −2.20 ± 2.28 D. Axial length was measured using SD-OCT and PCI for both the right and left eyes. Agreement between the two measurements was assessed using Bland–Altman analysis, and graphs and values were compared with linear mixed models. The results show a near-to-zero and non-significant bias between measurements. The 95% limits of agreement showed a value of 0.06 mm. Both devices can accurately measure the axial length. OCT biometry performed with SD-OCT can be successfully interchanged with partial coherence interferometry, but they should be cautiously interchanged when performing longitudinal comparisons. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Horizons in Myopia Management: Bridging Epidemiology and Clinical Innovation)

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12 pages, 3448 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of the Zonular Fiber Angle of Insertion on Accommodation

by Liying Feng, Barbara Pierscionek, Henk Weeber, Carmen Canovas Vidal and Jos J. Rozema

Vision 2024, 8(3), 45; https://doi.org/10.3390/vision8030045 - 23 Jul 2024

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Abstract

Purpose: With age, there is an anterior shift of the ciliary body in the eye, which alters the angle of zonular insertion in older eyes compared with younger eyes. This study aims to simulate lens accommodation with different zonular angles to consider the [...] Read more.

Purpose: With age, there is an anterior shift of the ciliary body in the eye, which alters the angle of zonular insertion in older eyes compared with younger eyes. This study aims to simulate lens accommodation with different zonular angles to consider the influence of zonular position on lens accommodative capacity. Methods: Models were constructed based on lenses aged 11, 29, and 45 years using a 2D axisymmetric structure that included a capsule, cortex, nucleus, and zonular fibers. The different zonular fibers were simulated by changing the position of the point where the zonular fibers connect to the ciliary body. The effect of the different zonular fiber insertion angles on the model shape and optical power was analyzed. Results: The models show that smaller angles made by zonular fibers to the surface of the lens lead to larger optical power changes with simulated stretching. When the models were stretched, and when varying the zonule angles, the optical power of the 11-, 29-, and 45-year-old models changed up to 0.17 D, 0.24 D, and 0.30 D, respectively. The effect of zonular angles on the anterior radius of curvature of the anterior surface varied by 0.29 mm, 0.23 mm, and 0.25 mm for the 11-, 29-, and 45-year-old models, respectively. Conclusions: Larger zonular fiber insertion angles cause smaller deformation and less accommodative change, while parallel zonules induce the largest change in lens shape. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Optical and Behavioral Factors on the Ocular Accommodation Response)

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9 pages, 6180 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Endogenous Fusarium Endophthalmitis after Bone Marrow Transplant: A Case Report and Literature Review

by Cindy S. Zhao, Karen Wai, Eubee B. Koo, Ehsan Rahimy, Prithvi Mruthyunjaya, Vinit B. Mahajan and Charles M. T. DeBoer

Vision 2024, 8(3), 44; https://doi.org/10.3390/vision8030044 - 21 Jul 2024

Viewed by 389

Abstract

Purpose: We aim to present a case of disseminated fusariosis that occurred in the setting of immunosuppression and presented with bilateral endogenous endophthalmitis, along with a literature review of Fusarium endophthalmitis, highlighting management strategies. Observation: A 70-year-old male with acute myeloid leukemia who [...] Read more.

Purpose: We aim to present a case of disseminated fusariosis that occurred in the setting of immunosuppression and presented with bilateral endogenous endophthalmitis, along with a literature review of Fusarium endophthalmitis, highlighting management strategies. Observation: A 70-year-old male with acute myeloid leukemia who had recently undergone a bone marrow transplant noted bilateral floaters and decreased vision. He was found to have bilateral Fusarium endophthalmitis, with subsequent evidence of fungemia and fusariosis in his skin and joints. Despite aggressive local and systemic treatment, he succumbed to the disease. Endophthalmitis was initially stabilized with pars plana vitrectomy and intravitreal amphotericin and voriconazole until the patient transitioned to comfort measures. A review of 31 cases demonstrates that outcomes are poor and that the disease must be treated aggressively, often both systemically and surgically. Conclusion: This case highlights the recalcitrance of Fusarium bacteremia and Fusarium endophthalmitis. Full article

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15 pages, 2949 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Perceptual Biases in the Interpretation of Non-Rigid Shape Transformations from Motion

by Ryne Choi, Jacob Feldman and Manish Singh

Vision 2024, 8(3), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/vision8030043 - 4 Jul 2024

Viewed by 424

Abstract

Most existing research on the perception of 3D shape from motion has focused on rigidly moving objects. However, many natural objects deform non-rigidly, leading to image motion with no rigid interpretation. We investigated potential biases underlying the perception of non-rigid shape interpretations from [...] Read more.

Most existing research on the perception of 3D shape from motion has focused on rigidly moving objects. However, many natural objects deform non-rigidly, leading to image motion with no rigid interpretation. We investigated potential biases underlying the perception of non-rigid shape interpretations from motion. We presented observers with stimuli that were consistent with two qualitatively different interpretations. Observers were shown a two-part 3D object with the smaller part changing in length dynamically as the whole object rotated back and forth. In two experiments, we studied the misperception (i.e., perceptual reinterpretation) of the non-rigid length change to a part. In Experiment 1, observers misperceived this length change as a part orientation change (i.e., the smaller part was seen as articulating with respect to the larger part). In Experiment 2, the stimuli were similar, except the silhouette of the part was visible in the image. Here, the non-rigid length change was reinterpreted as a rigidly attached part with an “illusory” non-orthogonal horizontal angle relative to the larger part. We developed a model that incorporated this perceptual reinterpretation and could predict observer data. We propose that the visual system may be biased towards part-wise rigid interpretations of non-rigid motion, likely due to the ecological significance of movements of humans and other animals, which are generally constrained to move approximately part-wise rigidly. That is, not all non-rigid deformations are created equal: the visual systems’ prior expectations may bias the system to interpret motion in terms of biologically plausible shape transformations. Full article

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14 pages, 19268 KiB

Open AccessTechnical Note

A New Model of a Macular Buckle and a Refined Surgical Technique for the Treatment of Myopic Traction Maculopathy

by Barbara Parolini

Vision 2024, 8(3), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/vision8030042 - 3 Jul 2024

Viewed by 606

Abstract

Myopic traction maculopathy (MTM) affects 20% of eyes with pathologic myopia (PM). The MTM Staging System (MSS), published in 2020, describes the nomenclature of MTM as well as a proposal of pathogenesis, natural evolution, and prognosis. A study of customized treatment for each [...] Read more.

Myopic traction maculopathy (MTM) affects 20% of eyes with pathologic myopia (PM). The MTM Staging System (MSS), published in 2020, describes the nomenclature of MTM as well as a proposal of pathogenesis, natural evolution, and prognosis. A study of customized treatment for each stage of MTM has been published previously and suggested to treat maculoschisis and detachment by placing a macular buckle (MB) behind the macula to push the sclera towards the retina, selecting pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) only in cases where a macular hole is associated with MTM. We hereby describe a new model of a macular buckle, known as NPB, and an NPB loading device, with the aim to standardize the surgical technique and render it more user friendly, efficient, and safe. Macular buckle is an effective and safe procedure to treat maculoschisis and macular detachment in MTM. We recommend using it as a unique and first-line treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Retinal Function and Disease)

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10 pages, 604 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Learned Attentional Strategies in Word Holistic Processing

by Paulo Ventura, Isabel Leite, Alexandre Pereira and Francisco Cruz

Vision 2024, 8(3), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/vision8030041 - 25 Jun 2024

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Abstract

Previous research has shown that, like faces, words are processed either holistically or through the automatic representation of their parts combined. The automaticity assumed to underlie the holistic processing of words presupposes that individuals have a relatively low level of control over these [...] Read more.

Previous research has shown that, like faces, words are processed either holistically or through the automatic representation of their parts combined. The automaticity assumed to underlie the holistic processing of words presupposes that individuals have a relatively low level of control over these processes. However, they may also be capable of learning from their environments whether processing words as a whole is the most efficient processing strategy—which would require at least some control over the corresponding processes. In fact, previous research supports this latter account in the context of the holistic processing of faces: when provided a task in which participants should ignore half of a stimuli (the irrelevant part) and pay selective attention to the other half (the target part), the participants become better at ignoring the irrelevant part when it is commonly misleading (i.e., this suggests a response that is different from that of the relevant part in the context of the task). In the present work, we extend these considerations to holistic word processing. Our results support a learned attentional account in the context of holistic word processing. When an irrelevant word part is systematically helpful for the judgment of a target word half, participants engage more in holistic processing (vs. when the irrelevant word half is misleading). This reflects an incidental statistical learning process in which individuals identify the irrelevant word half as either providing helpful or misleading information about the target half. Full article

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22 pages, 1843 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Application of a New Device for Vision Relaxation in Computer Users

by Aiga Svede, Svetlana Semjonova, Angelina Ganebnaya, Liga Puhova, Kulsum Fatima Baig, Alina Kucika, Gatis Ikaunieks, Karola Panke and Dmitry Gromov

Vision 2024, 8(3), 40; https://doi.org/10.3390/vision8030040 - 23 Jun 2024

Viewed by 689

Abstract

This study aims to explore the potential of a novel EYE ROLL device designed to facilitate guided vision relaxation exercises in an open space. A prospective study was performed on 89 participants who perform screenwork for at least four hours daily. All participants [...] Read more.

This study aims to explore the potential of a novel EYE ROLL device designed to facilitate guided vision relaxation exercises in an open space. A prospective study was performed on 89 participants who perform screenwork for at least four hours daily. All participants were randomly divided into three groups: a Control group with no exercising, a Manual group undertook manual vision relax ation exercises, and an Eyeroll group engaged in EYE ROLL device-assisted vision relaxation exercises. Each participant underwent three evaluations (an initial baseline assessment, a 4-week follow-up, and an 8-week follow-up) with four assessment tools: a comprehensive vision examination, an in-depth questionnaire, saccadic eye movement recordings, and objective accommodation measurements. There was a statistically significant decrease (35% and above) in complaint scores at the 4-week follow-up in both training groups. Although statistically insignificant, complaints continued to decrease after an 8-week period. No significant changes were observed in clinical or objective accommodative parameters. Some variation of visual functions was observed in all groups due to repeated measures. Vision relaxation exercises combined with proper vision ergonomics and working habits can reduce asthenopic complaints. The EYE ROLL device presents a promising tool for integrating these exercises into the working environment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 4th International Symposium on Visual Physiology, Environment, and Perception (VisPEP 2024))

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Vision, Volume 8, Issue 3 (September 2024) – 7 articles

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