Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) has emerged as a novel approach in the glaucoma treatment spectrum, offering a range of diverse procedures and devices aimed at reducing intraocular pressure (IOP). MIGS can be broadly classified into severa...
Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NA-AION) represents one of the most important causes of blindness or severely impaired vision in middle-aged and elderly people. Unilateral optic disc edema and abrupt, painless vision loss are its de...
The surface of the eye is directly exposed to the external environment, protected only by a thin tear film, and may therefore be damaged by contact with ambient particulate matter, liquids, aerosols, or vapors. In the workplace or home, the eye is su...
The measurement of corneal sensation allows clinicians to assess the status of corneal innervation and serves as a crucial indicator of corneal disease and eye health. Many devices are available to assess corneal sensation, including the Cochet&ndash...
Various diffractive, refractive and holographic optical elements, such as diffraction gratings; microlens raster; phase plates; multi-order diffractive optical elements; adaptive mirrors; diffractive and refractive axicons; holographic multiplexes an...
The question of whether the early visual cortex (EVC) is involved in visual mental imagery remains a topic of debate. In this paper, I propose that the inconsistency in findings can be explained by the unique challenges associated with investigating...
Natural environment experiences in virtual reality (VR) can be a feasible option for people unable to connect with real nature. Existing research mostly focuses on health and emotional advantages of the “virtual nature” therapy, but studi...
Computer vision is a powerful tool in medical image analysis, supporting the early detection and classification of eye diseases. Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a severe eye disease secondary to diabetes, accompanies several early signs of eye-threatening...
The type and nature of refractive surgery procedures has greatly increased over the past few decades, allowing for almost all patient populations to be treated to extremely high satisfaction. Conventional photorefractive keratectomy involves the remo...
The Action Cycle Theory (ACT) is an enactive theory of the perception and a mental imagery system that is comprised of six modules: Schemata, Objects, Actions, Affect, Goals and Others’ Behavior. The evidence supporting these six connected modu...
This article reviews historically significant phenomenological studies of visual mental imagery (VMI), starting with Fechner in 1860 and continuing to the present. This synthesis of diverse VMI phenomenological studies in healthy adults serves as a u...
The use of digital devices provides a wide range of possibilities for measuring and improving visual function, including concepts such as perceptual learning and dichoptic therapy. Different technologies can be used to apply these concepts, including...
Biomechanics is a branch of biophysics that deals with mechanics applied to biology. Corneal biomechanics have an important role in managing patients with glaucoma. While evidence suggests that patients with thin and stiffer corneas have a higher ris...
Corneal dystrophies are a group of non-inflammatory inherited disorders of the cornea. This review considers treatment options for epithelial-stromal and stromal corneal dystrophies: namely Reis–Bücklers, Thiel–Behnke, lattice, Avell...
The tremendous increase in the use of video-based eye tracking has made it possible to collect eye tracking data from thousands of participants. The traditional procedures for the manual detection and classification of saccades and for trial categori...
High-order aberrations (HOAs) are optical defects that degrade the image quality. They change with factors such as pupil diameter, age, and accommodation. The changes in optical aberrations during accommodation are mainly due to lens shape and positi...
Background: The prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) is increasing globally, resulting in a variety of eye symptoms characterized by discomfort and visual disturbances. The accurate diagnosis of the disease is often challenging and complex, requiring...
The purpose of this review is to outline the currently available circulating biomarkers to predict diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Studies have extensively reported the association between DR and DKD, suggest...
Objectives: To analyze the outcomes and complications of Descemet‘s membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) performed without prophylactic peripheral iridotomy (PI). Methods: Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Institutional, tertiary care e...
The early components of the pupillary light reflex (PLR) are governed by the parasympathetic nervous system. The use of cheap, portable pupillometry devices may allow for the testing of parasympathetic-system health in field settings. We examined the...
Paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) is a macular condition primarily detected using optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. It presents as hyperreflective bands within the inner nuclear layer (INL) of the retina, often leading to localize...
Decisions are often made under uncertainty. The most that one can do is use prior knowledge (e.g., base rates, prior probabilities, etc.) and make the most probable choice given the information we have. Unfortunately, most people struggle with Bayesi...
We performed a systematic review and analyzed the current available data on branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) with simultaneous central retinal vein obstruction (CRVO), a rarely described occurrence. MEDLINE/PubMed and ISI Web of Sciences search...
Myopic traction maculopathy (MTM) affects 20% of eyes with pathologic myopia (PM). The MTM Staging System (MSS), published in 2020, describes the nomenclature of MTM as well as a proposal of pathogenesis, natural evolution, and prognosis. A study of...
The current understanding of clinical approaches and barriers in managing childhood myopia among Indian optometrists is limited. This research underscores the necessity and relevance of evidence-based practice guidelines by exploring their knowledge,...
Mirror visual feedback (MVF), a noninvasive treatment method, is attracting attention as a possibility to promote the recovery of upper limb function in stroke patients. However, the cognitive effects of this therapy have received limited attention i...
This retrospective study evaluates the effectiveness of combining 0.05% atropine with MF60 contact lenses in managing rapid myopia progression in children over one year. The study involved three groups: the treatment group (TG) with 15 children (53%...
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial disorder influenced by genetic, lifestyle, nutritional, and systemic health factors that contribute to increased oxidative stress and chronic inflammation in the retina. This article reviews...
Refractive errors (myopia and hyperopia) are the most common visual disorders and are severe risk factors for secondary ocular pathologies. The development of refractive errors has been shown to be associated with changes in ocular axial length, sugg...
Sturge–Weber syndrome (SWS) is characterized by facial port-wine stains, leptomeningeal hemangiomas, and prominent ocular manifestations such as glaucoma and diffuse choroidal hemangiomas (DCHs). Imaging modalities are critical for diagnosing a...
Automated pupil light reflex (PLR) is a valid indicator of dysfunctional autonomic brain function following traumatic brain injury. PLR’s use in identifying disturbed autonomic brain function following repeated head impacts without outwardly vi...
Aim: Angioid streaks (ASs) are a rare retinal condition and compromise visual acuity when complicated with choroidal neovascularization (CNV). They represent crack-like dehiscences at the level of the Bruch’s membrane. This objective narrative...
Astigmatism management is a frequently encountered challenge in the world of modern cataract surgery. This review article investigates the importance of astigmatic correction and seeks to uncover the critical components of preoperative evaluation. Wi...
Visual conditions significantly influence fear of movement (FOM), which is a condition that impairs postural control and quality of life (QOL). This study examined how visual conditions influence sway velocity during repeated one-leg standing tasks a...
Objectives: The goal was to study the ellipsoid zone (EZ) as a structural biomarker for final visual outcomes after pharmacological intervention in center-involving diabetic macular edema (DME) and surgical intervention for full-thickness macular hol...
Aim: This study measured and evaluated the socioeconomic burden of people living with keratoconus in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design, a Keratoconus Economic Burden Questionnaire, and a convenient sample of 89 kerat...
Background: To investigate the repeatability in vessel caliber measurements by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods: In this prospective study, 28 patients (47 eyes) underwent sequential OCTA imaging of the optic nerve head and ma...
Introduction: Pro-inflammatory cytokines are important contributors to dry eye disease (DED). The cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 has become a therapeutic target in several DED drug studies. This randomized controlled trial aimed to determine the effecti...
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an inherited autosomal dominant disorder primarily affecting children and adolescents characterized by multisystemic clinical manifestations. Mutations in neurofibromin, the protein encoded by the Nf1 tumor suppresso...
Chronic low back pain (LBP) impairs balance control due to deficits in sensory integration, yet limited research examines postural sway under varying visual conditions. This study assessed the effects of visual input on postural stability using the n...
Several studies have reported motor deficiencies in children with dyslexia, in line with the cerebellar deficit theory. In the present study, we explored whether tests used by physiotherapists during clinical evaluation were able to report motor defi...
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common causative agent associated with microbial keratitis. During contact lens wear, pathogens may be introduced into the ocular environment, which might cause adverse events. Lehfilcon A is a recently developed co...
The visual inspection of scenes is disrupted when participants are forced to begin inspection away from the centre of an image. The present study explored the effect of the starting point on the visual inspection of paintings. Eye movements were reco...
Trabecular meshwork (TM) tissue is highly specialized, and its structural integrity is crucial for maintaining homeostatic intraocular pressure (IOP). The administration of glucocorticoids, such as dexamethasone (DEX), can perturb the TM structure an...
We evaluated the clinical applications of artificial intelligence models in diagnosing corneal diseases, highlighting their performance metrics and clinical potential. A systematic search was conducted for several disease categories: keratoconus (KC)...
While our direct observations of the features or behaviours of the stimuli around us tell us much about them (e.g., should they be feared?), the origin of much of our knowledge is often untethered from directly observable properties (e.g., through wh...
This study assesses the accuracy and consistency of a commercially available large language model (LLM) in extracting and interpreting sensitivity and reliability data from entire visual field (VF) test reports for the evaluation of glaucomatous defe...
Persistent corneal epithelial defects (PCEDs) are a challenging ocular condition characterized by the failure of complete corneal epithelial healing after an insult or injury, even after 14 days of standard care. There is a lack of therapeutics that...
This review critically examines the contributions of pupillometry to memory research, primarily focusing on its enhancement of our understanding of memory encoding and retrieval mechanisms mainly investigated with the recognition memory paradigm. The...
Deficits in fine motor skills have been reported in some children with neurodevelopmental disorders such as amblyopia or strabismus. Therefore, monitoring the development of motor skills and any potential improvement due to therapy is an important cl...
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