Reduced Gut Bacterial Diversity in Early Life Predicts Feeding Intolerance in Preterm Neonates
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Population and Sampling
2.2. Feeding Protocol
2.3. Ethics
2.4. Metagenomic DNA Extraction, Illumina MiSeq Sequencing
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. The Pielou Evenness Index between Tolerant and Intolerant Neonates
3.2. Relative Abundance of Taxonomic Features of Gut Microbiota between Tolerant and Intolerant Neonates
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Intolerant n = 14 | Tolerant n = 13 | p | |
---|---|---|---|
Prenatal characteristics | |||
Antenatal corticosteroids, No. (%) | 11 (84.6) | 10 (76.9) | 0.500 |
IUGR, No. (%) | 4 (28.6) | 3 (23.1) | 0.546 |
Pregnancy-induced hypertension, No. (%) | 4 (28.6) | 4 (30.8) | 0.615 |
Hypothyroidism, No. (%) | 4 (30.8) | 2 (15.4) | 0.322 |
Twins, No. (%) | 8 (61.5) | 3 (23.1) | 0.055 |
Gestational Diabetes, No. (%) | 1 (7.1) | 3 (23.1) | 0.269 |
Mother’s age ≥ 35 years old, No. (%) | 7 (63.6) | 6 (46.2) | 0.329 |
Cesarean section, No. (%) | 14 (100) | 12 (92.3) | 0.500 |
Perinatal characteristics | |||
Gestational age, weeks | 30.2 (28.9 to 31.4) | 29.2 (28.0 to 30.3) | 0.219 |
Birth weight, g | 1281.7 (1139.7 to 1423.8) | 1280.2 (1044.2 to 1516.1) | 0.990 |
5-min Apgar score | 7.86 (7.36 to 8.36) | 8.46 (7.83 to 9.10) | 0.114 |
pH at birth | 7.25 (7.21 to 7.28) | 7.24 (7.15 to 7.32) | 0.809 |
Base excess on cord blood, mmol/L | −7.09 (−9.96 to −4.22) | −6.27 (−9.78 to −2.76) | 0.699 |
CRIB II score | 4.75 (2.00 to 7.50) | 6.83 (5.23 to 8.43) | 0.125 |
Breast milk, g/kg/1st week | 88.0 (27.4 to 148.7) | 84.7 (13.5 to 155.9) | 0.938 |
Variables | ß | S.E. | Wald | p Value | Odds Ratio (OR) | 95 C.I. for OR | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower | Upper | ||||||
VLBW | 0.348 | 1.217 | 0.082 | 0.775 | 1.416 | 0.130 | 15.392 |
MEF | 0.128 | 1.103 | 0.014 | 0.907 | 1.137 | 0.131 | 9.879 |
pH on cord blood ° | 0.515 | 1.310 | 0.154 | 0.694 | 1.673 | 0.128 | 21.79 |
Pielou-evenness ± | 2.486 | 1.035 | 5.769 | 0.016 * | 12.018 | 1.580 | 91.40 |
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Di Chiara, M.; Lazzaro, A.; Scribano, D.; Trancassini, M.; Pietropaolo, V.; Sonnessa, M.; De Luca, C.; Prota, R.; Onestà, E.; Laccetta, G.; et al. Reduced Gut Bacterial Diversity in Early Life Predicts Feeding Intolerance in Preterm Neonates. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2024, 9, 174. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed9080174
Di Chiara M, Lazzaro A, Scribano D, Trancassini M, Pietropaolo V, Sonnessa M, De Luca C, Prota R, Onestà E, Laccetta G, et al. Reduced Gut Bacterial Diversity in Early Life Predicts Feeding Intolerance in Preterm Neonates. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. 2024; 9(8):174. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed9080174
Chicago/Turabian StyleDi Chiara, Maria, Alessandro Lazzaro, Daniela Scribano, Maria Trancassini, Valeria Pietropaolo, Michele Sonnessa, Chiara De Luca, Rita Prota, Elisa Onestà, Gianluigi Laccetta, and et al. 2024. "Reduced Gut Bacterial Diversity in Early Life Predicts Feeding Intolerance in Preterm Neonates" Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 9, no. 8: 174. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed9080174