Balance of Nitrate and Ammonium in Tropical Soil Conditions: Soil Factors Analyzed by Machine Learning
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Study Characterization
2.2. Data Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Cluster Formation
3.2. Expected and Recommended N
3.3. Routes of Nitrate and Ammonium in Soil
3.4. Soil Water on Nitrate and Ammonium Balance
3.5. Nitrate and Ammonium Contents in Agricultural Soil
3.6. Correlation between Soil Textures and the Processes of Nitrification
4. Conclusions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Soil Textures | Average | Minimum | Maximum | Variation, % |
---|---|---|---|---|
NH4+, mg kg−1 | ||||
Clay | 31.0 | 24.9 | 207.7 | ±182.8 (±88%) |
Loam | 46.2 | 35.2 | 155.0 | ±119.7 (±77%) |
Sandy | 57.0 | 2.7 | 135.0 | ±132.2 (±98%) |
NO3−, mg kg−1 | ||||
Clay | 104.2 | 5.1 | 104.0 | ±98.9 (±95%) |
Loam | 94.5 | 6.8 | 108.3 | ±101.5 (±96%) |
Sandy | 36.4 | 4.7 | 103.2 | ±98.5 (±95%) |
Soil pH | ||||
Clay | 5.9 | 0.1 | 6.6 | ±6.4 (±92%) |
Loam | 7.0 | 0.1 | 7.6 | ±7.5 (±91%) |
Sandy | 5.9 | 0.1 | 6.8 | ±6.8 (±91%) |
Cluster results | ||||
Cluster 1 | Cluster 2 | Cluster 3 | ||
NH4+ | −0.25 | 0.12 | 0.39 | |
NO3− | 0.39 | 0.19 | −0.99 | |
pH | −0.46 | 1.4 | −0.47 | |
Sum of squares | 578.24 | 232.21 | 237.77 | |
Number | 252 | 126 | 126 |
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Ferraz-Almeida, R. Balance of Nitrate and Ammonium in Tropical Soil Conditions: Soil Factors Analyzed by Machine Learning. Nitrogen 2024, 5, 732-745. https://doi.org/10.3390/nitrogen5030048
Ferraz-Almeida R. Balance of Nitrate and Ammonium in Tropical Soil Conditions: Soil Factors Analyzed by Machine Learning. Nitrogen. 2024; 5(3):732-745. https://doi.org/10.3390/nitrogen5030048
Chicago/Turabian StyleFerraz-Almeida, Risely. 2024. "Balance of Nitrate and Ammonium in Tropical Soil Conditions: Soil Factors Analyzed by Machine Learning" Nitrogen 5, no. 3: 732-745. https://doi.org/10.3390/nitrogen5030048