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Abstract

Inflammation (IL-1β) Modifies the Effect of Vitamin D and Omega-3 Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Core Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder †

by
Hajar Mazahery
1,
Cathryn A. Conlon
1,
Kathryn L. Beck
1,
Owen Mugridge
1,
Marlena C. Kruger
2,3,
Welma Stonehouse
4,
Carlos A. Camargo Jr.
5,
Barbara J. Meyer
6,
Bobby Tsang
7 and
Pamela R. von Hurst
1,*
1
School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland 0745, New Zealand
2
School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
3
Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
4
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide SA 5000, Australia
5
Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
6
School of Medicine, Lipid Research Centre, University of Wollongong, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
7
Department of Paediatrics, Child and Youth Health, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Presented at the 2019 Annual Meeting of the Nutrition Society of New Zealand, Napier, New Zealand, 28–29 November 2019.
Proceedings 2019, 37(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019037002
Published: 13 December 2019
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 2019 Annual Meeting of the Nutrition Society of New Zealand)
Versions Notes
Background: Vitamin D and omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 LCPUFA) may improve core symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in children, but the response is heterogenous and may be influenced by inflammatory state. As an exploratory analysis, we investigated whether inflammatory state would modulate the effect of these nutrients on core symptoms of ASD.
Methods: Seventy-three New Zealand children with ASD (2.5–8.0 years) completed a 12-month randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of vitamin D (2000, IU/day, VID), omega-3 LCPUFA; (OM, 722 mg/day docosahexaenoic acid), or both (VIDOM). Non-fasting baseline plasma interleukin-1β (IL-1β) was available for 67 children (VID = 15, OM = 21, VIDOM = 15, placebo = 16). Children were categorised as having undetectable/normal IL-1β (<3.2 pg/mL, n = 15) or elevated IL-1β (≥3.2 pg/mL, n = 52). Social Responsiveness Scale questionnaire (SRS) was used to assess core symptoms of ASD (baseline, 12-month). Mixed model repeated measure analyses (including all children or only children with elevated IL-1β) were used.
Results: We found a significant, or a trend for, an interaction between baseline IL-1β and treatment response for SRS-total (P = 0.06), SRS-social communicative functioning (P = 0.04), SRS-awareness (P = 0.006) and SRS-communication (P = 0.09). When all children were included in the analysis, four outcome measures comparisons (treatments vs. placebo) showed potential improvements: VID, no effect (all P > 0.10); OM (P = 0.06) for SRS-total; VIDOM (P = 0.05) for SRS-social communicative functioning; OM and VIDOM (P = 0.01) for SRS-awareness. When only children with elevated IL-1β were included, 10 outcomes showed potential improvements: VID (P = 0.07) and OM (P = 0.01) for SRS-total; VID (P = 0.09), OM (P = 0.03) and VIDOM (P = 0.05) for SRS-social communicative functioning; VID (P = 0.01), OM (P = 0.003) and VIDOM (P = 0.01) for SRS-awareness; VID for SRS-communication (P = 0.07); OM (P = 0.05) for SRS-motivation.
Conclusion: Inflammatory state may have modulated responses to vitamin D and omega-3 LCPUFA intervention in children with ASD, suggesting children with elevated inflammation may benefit more from daily vitamin D and omega-3 LCPUFA supplementation.

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MDPI and ACS Style

Mazahery, H.; Conlon, C.A.; Beck, K.L.; Mugridge, O.; Kruger, M.C.; Stonehouse, W.; Jr., C.A.C.; Meyer, B.J.; Tsang, B.; Hurst, P.R.v. Inflammation (IL-1β) Modifies the Effect of Vitamin D and Omega-3 Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Core Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Proceedings 2019, 37, 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019037002

AMA Style

Mazahery H, Conlon CA, Beck KL, Mugridge O, Kruger MC, Stonehouse W, Jr. CAC, Meyer BJ, Tsang B, Hurst PRv. Inflammation (IL-1β) Modifies the Effect of Vitamin D and Omega-3 Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Core Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Proceedings. 2019; 37(1):2. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019037002

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mazahery, Hajar, Cathryn A. Conlon, Kathryn L. Beck, Owen Mugridge, Marlena C. Kruger, Welma Stonehouse, Carlos A. Camargo Jr., Barbara J. Meyer, Bobby Tsang, and Pamela R. von Hurst. 2019. "Inflammation (IL-1β) Modifies the Effect of Vitamin D and Omega-3 Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Core Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder" Proceedings 37, no. 1: 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019037002

APA Style

Mazahery, H., Conlon, C. A., Beck, K. L., Mugridge, O., Kruger, M. C., Stonehouse, W., Jr., C. A. C., Meyer, B. J., Tsang, B., & Hurst, P. R. v. (2019). Inflammation (IL-1β) Modifies the Effect of Vitamin D and Omega-3 Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Core Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Proceedings, 37(1), 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019037002

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