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Abstract

Effect of Human Milk Components on Infant Growth and Body Composition †

by
Zoya Gridneva
1,*,
Isabella Norrish
1,
Azhar Sindi
2,3,
Vanessa S. Sakalidis
1,
Mya Thway Tint
4,
Sharon L. Perrella
1,
Mark P. Nicol
5 and
Donna T. Geddes
1
1
School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
2
Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
3
College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24381-8156, Saudi Arabia
4
Human Development, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 117609, Singapore
5
School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Presented at the More Than Just Milk Lactation Science Symposium, Perth, Australia, 25 November 2022.
Proceedings 2023, 84(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023084004
Published: 14 February 2023
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of More Than Just Milk Lactation Science Symposium)
Versions Notes

Abstract

:
Human milk (HM) is an important source of nutrition for infants that provides all elements necessary for their growth and development. Previous studies have reported associations between breastfeeding and a reduced risk of developing obesity and late metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Recently, intakes of HM components have been associated with infant body composition (BC), which might be implicated in the reduced risk of childhood obesity among breastfed infants. In this systematic review, electronic bibliographic databases were searched for studies that explored associations between the 24 h intakes of HM macronutrients and bioactive molecules and infant BC and/or growth parameters. Two independent reviewers screened reference lists, extracted and analysed the data and assessed the risk of bias using the National Institute for Clinical Excellence methodological checklist. Of 13 eligible studies, 10 assessed the relationships of infant BC and growth outcomes with HM macronutrients, and eight studies assessed the relationships with HM bioactive components. Significant differential associations with infant anthropometrics and BC were found for intakes and not for concentrations of several HM components, such as lactose, fat and adiponectin. This highlights that measuring concentrations of HM components without quantifying the intake by the infant may be misleading when analysing the relationships of HM components with infant outcomes. Future studies investigating the effect of HM components on infant growth and BC should consider measuring the actual intakes of HM components.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization, D.T.G. and Z.G.; methodology, V.S.S., A.S., I.N. and Z.G.; software, V.S.S., A.S. and I.N.; formal analysis, V.S.S., A.S., I.N. and Z.G.; investigation, V.S.S., A.S., I.N. and Z.G.; resources, D.T.G.; data curation, V.S.S., A.S., I.N. and Z.G.; writing—original draft preparation, V.S.S., A.S., I.N. and Z.G.; writing—review and editing, Z.G., M.P.N., D.T.G., S.L.P. and M.T.T.; supervision, Z.G., D.T.G. and M.P.N.; funding acquisition, D.T.G. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Funding

This research was funded by an unrestricted research grant from Medela GA (Switzerland).

Institutional Review Board Statement

Not applicable.

Informed Consent Statement

Not applicable.

Data Availability Statement

Data sharing not applicable.

Conflicts of Interest

D.T.G. declares participation in the Scientific Advisory Board of Medela AG. Z.G., I.N., A.S., V.S.S., S.L.P. and D.T.G. are/were supported by an unrestricted research grant from Medela AG, administered by The University of Western Australia. Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia provides a PhD scholarship for A.S.
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Gridneva, Z.; Norrish, I.; Sindi, A.; Sakalidis, V.S.; Tint, M.T.; Perrella, S.L.; Nicol, M.P.; Geddes, D.T. Effect of Human Milk Components on Infant Growth and Body Composition. Proceedings 2023, 84, 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023084004

AMA Style

Gridneva Z, Norrish I, Sindi A, Sakalidis VS, Tint MT, Perrella SL, Nicol MP, Geddes DT. Effect of Human Milk Components on Infant Growth and Body Composition. Proceedings. 2023; 84(1):4. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023084004

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gridneva, Zoya, Isabella Norrish, Azhar Sindi, Vanessa S. Sakalidis, Mya Thway Tint, Sharon L. Perrella, Mark P. Nicol, and Donna T. Geddes. 2023. "Effect of Human Milk Components on Infant Growth and Body Composition" Proceedings 84, no. 1: 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023084004

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