Liquid Complex Fertilizers with Bio-Additives †
Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų rd. 19, 50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Presented at the International Conference EcoBalt 2023 “Chemicals & Environment”, Tallinn, Estonia, 9–11 October 2023.
Proceedings 2023, 92(1), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023092030
Published: 22 November 2023
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of International Conference EcoBalt 2023 "Chemicals & Environment")
Every year, approximately 2.5 billion tons of waste are generated in the European Union. Due to these reasons and the limited amount of raw materials, the integration of the circular economy is encouraged [1]. The fertilizer industry is one of the industries that is characterized by the recycling of by-products into new products. One of the by-products in the fertilizer industry is the liquid phase, which is obtained as a secondary product after the crystallization and filtration of the solid primary product. Liquid fertilizers have many advantages: they are highly compatible with trace elements, fungicides, physiologically active substances or other important additives [2]. It is very important to choose the right fertilizer, because plants need to be given the required amount of nutrients. If at least one element is missing, the plant may rot or even die [3]. During this work, the possibility of using the post-crystallization solution for the production of liquid complex fertilizers was examined. To achieve this goal, the concentrations of plant nutrients and chlorine in the post-crystallization solution and its chemical—physical properties were determined. Considering the need to increase the concentration of nitrogen in the post-crystallization solution, studies were conducted, during which the influence of different nitrogen compounds on the crystallization temperature of the post-crystallization solution were observed. Studies have also been carried out in which solutions (as organic nitrogen additives) that would be highly compatible with the post-crystallization solution were extracted from the lupine (Lupinus polyphyllus). After the chemical analysis, the liquid complex fertilizers were found to contain 1.4%–P2O5, 4%–Cl and approximately 13.5%–K2O. Depending on the nitrogen additions, the concentration of nitrogen in the liquid fertilizers varied from 1.02% to 3.78% N. Four liquid complex fertilizers of different brands were obtained and used: 1-2-14; 3-2-14+ME; 4-2-14+ME+mineralized lupine leaves; and 4-2-14+ME+lupine leaf extract.
Author Contributions
Conceptualization, K.J.; methodology, K.J. and R.S.; software, K.J.; resources, R.S.; data curation, K.J. and R.S.; writing—original draft preparation, K.J.; writing—review and editing, K.J.; visualization, K.J.; supervision, K.J. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Funding
This research received no external funding.
Institutional Review Board Statement
Not applicable.
Informed Consent Statement
Not applicable.
Data Availability Statement
Data are contained within the article.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
References
- European Parliament (EP). Circular Economy: Definition, Importance and Benefits. Available online: https://www.eumonitor.eu/9353000/1/j9vvik7m1c3gyxp/vknegugz7hwu?ctx=vjxzjv7ta8z1 (accessed on 27 February 2023).
- Bommaraju, T.V.; Barnicki, S.D.; Kent, J.A. Handbook of Industrial Chemistry and Biotechnology, 3rd ed.; Springer: New York, NY, USA, 2017; pp. 784–785. [Google Scholar]
- Paleckienė, R.; Sviklas, M.A. Trąšų Agrochemija: Metodinė Priemonė, Vilnius; KTU Faculty of Chemical Technology: Kaunas, Lithuania, 2012; pp. 32–107. [Google Scholar]
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MDPI and ACS Style
Jančaitienė, K.; Sidaraitė, R. Liquid Complex Fertilizers with Bio-Additives. Proceedings 2023, 92, 30. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023092030
AMA Style
Jančaitienė K, Sidaraitė R. Liquid Complex Fertilizers with Bio-Additives. Proceedings. 2023; 92(1):30. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023092030
Chicago/Turabian StyleJančaitienė, Kristina, and Ramunė Sidaraitė. 2023. "Liquid Complex Fertilizers with Bio-Additives" Proceedings 92, no. 1: 30. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023092030
APA StyleJančaitienė, K., & Sidaraitė, R. (2023). Liquid Complex Fertilizers with Bio-Additives. Proceedings, 92(1), 30. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023092030
