Evaluating the Influence of Tool Material on the Performance of Refill Friction Stir Spot Welds in AA2029
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Weld Programs
3.2. Material Properties of MP159
3.3. Weld Properties
3.4. Weld Temperatures
4. Conclusions
- All three materials, H13, WC, and MP159, are suitable for creating fully consolidated refill friction stir spot welds.
- MP159 tools generate more heat than either WC or H13 tools and insulate the welds with a lower thermal conductivity. Combined these thermal effects lead to weaker lap-shear tensile strengths in welds produced with MP159.
- WC’s relatively high thermal conductivity results in welds having the smallest HAZ, with the fastest recovery to base material strength and the overall highest HAZ minimum microhardness value, with respect to MP159 and H13.
- Lap-shear tensile strengths of RFSSW may be compromised by tamping as the effective thickness of the top sheet is reduced.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cu | Mg | Ag | Mn | Zr | Si | Fe | Ti | Al |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3.2–4.0% | 0.8–1.1% | 0.3–0.5% | 0.2–0.4% | 0.08–0.15% | 0.12% max | 0.15% max | 0.15% max | Balance |
Density (g/cm3) | Hardness (Vickers) | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Compressive Strength (MPa) | Linear CTE (µm/m-°C) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
WC | 13.5–15.7 [17] | 1300–2200 [17] | 350 [17] | 3347–6833 [18] | 5.2–7.3 [17] |
MP159 | 8.3 [17] | 220–410 [19] | 850–1590 [20] | – | 14.5 [17] |
H13 | 7.8 [17] | 300–600 [17] | 1990 [17] | 2550 [21] | 11–12.4 [17] |
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Belnap, R.; Smith, T.; Blackhurst, P.; Cobb, J.; Misak, H.; Bosker, J.; Hovanski, Y. Evaluating the Influence of Tool Material on the Performance of Refill Friction Stir Spot Welds in AA2029. J. Manuf. Mater. Process. 2024, 8, 88. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp8030088
Belnap R, Smith T, Blackhurst P, Cobb J, Misak H, Bosker J, Hovanski Y. Evaluating the Influence of Tool Material on the Performance of Refill Friction Stir Spot Welds in AA2029. Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing. 2024; 8(3):88. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp8030088
Chicago/Turabian StyleBelnap, Ruth, Taylor Smith, Paul Blackhurst, Josef Cobb, Heath Misak, John Bosker, and Yuri Hovanski. 2024. "Evaluating the Influence of Tool Material on the Performance of Refill Friction Stir Spot Welds in AA2029" Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 8, no. 3: 88. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp8030088