Nanocomposites for Enhanced Osseointegration of Dental and Orthopedic Implants Revisited: Surface Functionalization by Carbon Nanomaterial Coatings
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Physicomechanical Coating
3. Electrochemical Coating
4. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Souza, J.C.; Barbosa, S.L.; Ariza, E.A.; Henriques, M.; Teughels, W.; Ponthiaux, P.; Celis, J.-P.; Rocha, L.A. How do titanium and Ti6Al4V corrode in fluoridated medium as found in the oral cavity? An in vitro study. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 2015, 47, 384–393. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Yoshinari, M.; Oda, Y.; Kato, T.; Okuda, K. Influence of surface modifications to titanium on antibacterial activity in vitro. Biomaterials 2001, 22, 2043–2048. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Weibrich, G.; Hansen, T.; Kleis, W.; Buch, R.; Hitzler, W. Effect of platelet concentration in platelet-rich plasma on peri-implant bone regeneration. Bone 2004, 34, 665–671. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Retzepi, M.; Donos, N. Guided bone regeneration: Biological principle and therapeutic applications. Clin. Oral Implants Res. 2010, 21, 567–576. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hermann, J.; Buser, D. Guided bone regeneration for dental implants. Curr. Opin. Periodontol. 1996, 3, 168–177. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Gu, M.; Liu, Y.; Chen, T.; Du, F.; Zhao, X.; Xiong, C.; Zhou, Y. Is graphene a promising nano-material for promoting surface modification of implants or scaffold materials in bone tissue engineering? Tissue Eng. Part B Rev. 2014, 20, 477–491. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Urbanek, O.; Sajkiewicz, P.; Pierini, F. The effect of polarity in the electrospinning process on PCL/chitosan nanofibres’ structure, properties and efficiency of surface modification. Polymer 2017, 124, 168–175. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Silva, R.; Poon, R.; Milne, J.; Syed, A.; Zhitomirsky, I. New developments in liquid-liquid extraction, surface modification and agglomerate-free processing of inorganic particles. Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 2018, 261, 15–27. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Partha, R.; Conyers, J.L. Biomedical applications of functionalized fullerene-based nanomaterials. Int. J. Nanomed. 2009, 4, 261–275. [Google Scholar]
- Liu, Z.; Tabakman, S.M.; Chen, Z.; Dai, H. Preparation of carbon nanotube bioconjugates for biomedical applications. Nat. Protoc. 2009, 4, 1372–1381. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Yang, W.; Thordarson, P.; Gooding, J.J.; Ringer, S.P.; Braet, F. Carbon nanotubes for biological and biomedical applications. Nanotechnology 2007, 18, 412001. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lui, C.H.; Liu, L.; Mak, K.F.; Flynn, G.W.; Heinz, T.F. Ultraflat graphene. Nature 2009, 462, 339–341. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Butler, J.E.; Sumant, A.V. The CVD of nanodiamond materials. Chem. Vap. Depos. 2008, 14, 145–160. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Schrand, A.M.; Hens, S.A.C.; Shenderova, O.A. Nanodiamond particles: Properties and perspectives for bioapplications. Crit. Rev. Solid State 2009, 34, 18–74. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shin, Y.C.; Lee, J.H.; Jin, L.; Kim, M.J.; Kim, Y.-J.; Hyun, J.K.; Jung, T.-G.; Hong, S.W.; Han, D.-W. Stimulated myoblast differentiation on graphene oxide-impregnated PLGA-collagen hybrid fibre matrices. J. Nanobiotechnol. 2015, 13, 21–31. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Kim, J.-W.; Shin, Y.C.; Lee, J.-J.; Bae, E.-B.; Jeon, Y.-C.; Jeong, C.-M.; Yun, M.-J.; Lee, S.-H.; Han, D.-W.; Huh, J.-B. The effect of reduced graphene oxide-coated biphasic calcium phosphate bone graft material on osteogenesis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18, 1725. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shin, Y.C.; Kang, S.H.; Lee, J.H.; Kim, B.; Hong, S.W.; Han, D.-W. Three-dimensional graphene oxide-coated polyurethane foams beneficial to myogenesis. J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed. 2018, 29, 762–774. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kang, S.H.; Shin, Y.C.; Hwang, E.Y.; Lee, J.H.; Kim, C.-S.; Lin, Z.; Hur, S.H.; Han, D.-W.; Hong, S.W. Engineered “coffee-rings” of reduced graphene oxide as ultrathin contact guidance to enable patterning of living cells. Mater. Horiz. 2019, 6, 1066–1079. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lee, J.H.; Shin, Y.C.; Jin, O.S.; Han, D.-W.; Kang, S.H.; Hong, S.W.; Kim, J.M. Enhanced neurite outgrowth of PC-12 cells on graphene-monolayer-coated substrates as biomimetic cues. J. Korean Phys. Soc. 2012, 61, 1696–1699. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hong, S.W.; Lee, J.H.; Kang, S.H.; Hwang, E.Y.; Hwang, Y.-S.; Lee, M.H.; Han, D.-W.; Park, J.-C. Enhanced neural cell adhesion and neurite outgrowth on graphene-based biomimetic substrates. BioMed Res. Int. 2014, 2014, 1–8. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Facca, S.; Lahiri, D.; Fioretti, F.; Messadeq, N.; Mainard, D.; Benkirane-Jessel, N.; Agarwal, A. In vivo osseointegration of nano-designed composite coatings on titanium implants. ACS Nano 2011, 5, 4790–4799. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Xie, Y.; Li, H.; Ding, C.; Zheng, X.; Li, K. Effects of graphene plates’ adoption on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and in vivo biocompatibility of calcium silicate coating. Int. J. Nanomed. 2015, 10, 3855–3863. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Li, Q.; Wang, Z. Involvement of FAK/P38 signaling pathways in mediating the enhanced osteogenesis induced by nano-graphene oxide modification on titanium implant surface. Int. J. Nanomed. 2020, 15, 4659–4676. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Rifai, A.; Tran, N.; Reineck, P.; Elbourne, A.; Mayes, E.; Sarker, A.; Dekiwadia, C.; Ivanova, E.P.; Crawford, R.J.; Ohshima, T. Engineering the interface: Nanodiamond coating on 3D-printed titanium promotes mammalian cell growth and inhibits Staphylococcus aureus colonization. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2019, 11, 24588–24597. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Park, J.E.; Park, I.-S.; Neupane, M.P.; Bae, T.-S.; Lee, M.-H. Effects of a carbon nanotube-collagen coating on a titanium surface on osteoblast growth. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2014, 292, 828–836. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Park, S.; Kim, H.; Choi, K.S.; Ji, M.-K.; Kim, S.; Gwon, Y.; Park, C.; Kim, J.; Lim, H.-P. Graphene–Chitosan Hybrid Dental Implants with Enhanced Antibacterial and Cell-Proliferation Properties. Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 4888. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jung, H.S.; Choi, Y.-j.; Jeong, J.; Lee, Y.; Hwang, B.; Jang, J.; Shim, J.-H.; Kim, Y.S.; Choi, H.S.; Oh, S.H. Nanoscale graphene coating on commercially pure titanium for accelerated bone regeneration. RSC Adv. 2016, 6, 26719–26724. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Park, K.O.; Lee, J.H.; Park, J.H.; Shin, Y.C.; Huh, J.B.; Bae, J.-H.; Kang, S.H.; Hong, S.W.; Kim, B.; Yang, D.J. Graphene oxide-coated guided bone regeneration membranes with enhanced osteogenesis: Spectroscopic analysis and animal study. Appl. Spectrosc. Rev. 2016, 51, 540–551. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tao, B.; Chen, M.; Lin, C.; Lu, L.; Yuan, Z.; Liu, J.; Liao, Q.; Xia, Z.; Peng, Z.; Cai, K. Zn-incorporation with graphene oxide on Ti substrates surface to improve osteogenic activity and inhibit bacterial adhesion. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 2019, 107, 2310–2326. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mehrali, M.; Akhiani, A.R.; Talebian, S.; Mehrali, M.; Latibari, S.T.; Dolatshahi-Pirouz, A.; Metselaar, H.S.C. Electrophoretic deposition of calcium silicate–reduced graphene oxide composites on titanium substrate. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 2016, 36, 319–332. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Elangomannan, S.; Louis, K.; Dharmaraj, B.M.; Kandasamy, V.S.; Soundarapandian, K.; Gopi, D. Carbon nanofiber/polycaprolactone/mineralized hydroxyapatite nanofibrous scaffolds for potential orthopedic applications. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2017, 9, 6342–6355. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Shi, Y.; Li, M.; Liu, Q.; Jia, Z.; Xu, X.; Cheng, Y.; Zheng, Y. Electrophoretic deposition of graphene oxide reinforced chitosan–hydroxyapatite nanocomposite coatings on Ti substrate. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. 2016, 27, 48–60. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Suo, L.; Jiang, N.; Wang, Y.; Wang, P.; Chen, J.; Pei, X.; Wang, J.; Wan, Q. The enhancement of osseointegration using a graphene oxide/chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite coating on titanium fabricated by electrophoretic deposition. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B Appl. Biomater. 2019, 107, 635–645. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zeng, Y.; Pei, X.; Yang, S.; Qin, H.; Cai, H.; Hu, S.; Sui, L.; Wan, Q.; Wang, J. Graphene oxide/hydroxyapatite composite coatings fabricated by electrochemical deposition. Surf. Coat. Technol. 2016, 286, 72–79. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pei, X.; Zeng, Y.; He, R.; Li, Z.; Tian, L.; Wang, J.; Wan, Q.; Li, X.; Bao, H. Single-walled carbon nanotubes/hydroxyapatite coatings on titanium obtained by electrochemical deposition. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2014, 295, 71–80. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Strąkowska, P.; Beutner, R.; Gnyba, M.; Zielinski, A.; Scharnweber, D. Electrochemically assisted deposition of hydroxyapatite on Ti6Al4V substrates covered by CVD diamond films—Coating characterization and first cell biological results. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 2016, 59, 624–635. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Metzler, P.; von Wilmowsky, C.; Stadlinger, B.; Zemann, W.; Schlegel, K.A.; Rosiwal, S.; Rupprecht, S. Nano-crystalline diamond-coated titanium dental implants–A histomorphometric study in adult domestic pigs. J. Craniomaxillofac. Surg. 2013, 41, 532–538. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Patel, S.C.; Lalwani, G.; Grover, K.; Qin, Y.-X.; Sitharaman, B. Fabrication and cytocompatibility of in situ crosslinked carbon nanomaterial films. Sci. Rep. 2015, 5, 10261–10273. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Sivaraj, D.; Vijayalakshmi, K. Enhanced antibacterial and corrosion resistance properties of Ag substituted hydroxyapatite/functionalized multiwall carbon nanotube nanocomposite coating on 316L stainless steel for biomedical application. Ultrason. Sonochem. 2019, 59, 104730–104740. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ren, L.; Pan, S.; Li, H.; Li, Y.; He, L.; Zhang, S.; Che, J.; Niu, Y. Effects of aspirin-loaded graphene oxide coating of a titanium surface on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Sci. Rep. 2018, 8, 1–13. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Wang, C.; Hu, H.; Li, Z.; Shen, Y.; Xu, Y.; Zhang, G.; Zeng, X.; Deng, J.; Zhao, S.; Ren, T. Enhanced osseointegration of titanium alloy implants with laser microgrooved surfaces and graphene oxide coating. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2019, 11, 39470–39483. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bodhak, S.; Bose, S.; Bandyopadhyay, A. Electrically polarized HAp-coated Ti: In vitro bone cell–material interactions. Acta Biomater. 2010, 6, 641–651. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hayashi, K.; Uenoyama, K.; Matsuguchi, N.; Sugioka, Y. Quantitative analysis of in vivo tissue responses to titanium-oxide-and hydroxyapatite-coated titanium alloy. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 1991, 25, 515–523. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wang, J.; Shaw, L.L. Nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite with simultaneous enhancements in hardness and toughness. Biomaterials 2009, 30, 6565–6572. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Thomsen, M.G.; Latifi, R.; Kallemose, T.; Husted, H.; Troelsen, A. Does knee awareness differ between different knee arthroplasty prostheses? A matched, case-control, cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord. 2016, 17, 141–147. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Vedantam, R.; Ruddlesdin, C. The fully hydroxyapatite-coated total hip implant: Clinical and roentgenographic results. J. Arthroplast. 1996, 11, 534–542. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Taljanovic, M.S.; Jones, M.D.; Hunter, T.B.; Benjamin, J.B.; Ruth, J.T.; Brown, A.W.; Sheppard, J.E. Joint arthroplasties and prostheses. Radiographics 2003, 23, 1295–1314. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- White, A.A.; Best, S.M.; Kinloch, I.A. Hydroxyapatite–carbon nanotube composites for biomedical applications: A review. Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. 2007, 4, 1–13. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Campbell, A.A. Bioceramics for implant coatings. Mater. Today 2003, 6, 26–30. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Unabia, R.; Candidato, R.; Pawłowski, L. Current progress in solution precursor plasma spraying of cermets: A review. Metals 2018, 8, 420. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Lahiri, D.; Benaduce, A.P.; Rouzaud, F.; Solomon, J.; Keshri, A.K.; Kos, L.; Agarwal, A. Wear behavior and in vitro cytotoxicity of wear debris generated from hydroxyapatite–carbon nanotube composite coating. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A 2011, 96, 1–12. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Balani, K.; Anderson, R.; Laha, T.; Andara, M.; Tercero, J.; Crumpler, E.; Agarwal, A. Plasma-sprayed carbon nanotube reinforced hydroxyapatite coatings and their interaction with human osteoblasts in vitro. Biomaterials 2007, 28, 618–624. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bittner, B.; Kissel, T. Ultrasonic atomization for spray drying: A versatile technique for the preparation of protein loaded biodegradable microspheres. J. Microencapsul. 1999, 16, 325–341. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mochalin, V.N.; Shenderova, O.; Ho, D.; Gogotsi, Y. The properties and applications of nanodiamonds. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2012, 7, 11–23. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Shiryaev, A.A.; Hinks, J.A.; Marks, N.A.; Greaves, G.; Valencia, F.J.; Donnelly, S.E.; González, R.I.; Kiwi, M.; Trigub, A.L.; Bringa, E.M. Ion implantation in nanodiamonds: Size effect and energy dependence. Sci. Rep. 2018, 8, 1–9. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Grausova, L.; Bacakova, L.; Kromka, A.; Potocky, S.; Vanecek, M.; Nesladek, M.; Lisa, V. Nanodiamond as promising material for bone tissue engineering. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 2009, 9, 3524–3534. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shidid, D.; Leary, M.; Choong, P.; Brandt, M. Just-in-time design and additive manufacture of patient-specific medical implants. Phys. Procedia 2016, 83, 4–14. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Rifai, A.; Tran, N.; Lau, D.W.; Elbourne, A.; Zhan, H.; Stacey, A.D.; Mayes, E.L.; Sarker, A.; Ivanova, E.P.; Crawford, R.J. Polycrystalline diamond coating of additively manufactured titanium for biomedical applications. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2018, 10, 8474–8484. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chłopek, J.; Czajkowska, B.; Szaraniec, B.; Frackowiak, E.; Szostak, K.; Beguin, F. In vitro studies of carbon nanotubes biocompatibility. Carbon 2006, 44, 1106–1111. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zanello, L.P.; Zhao, B.; Hu, H.; Haddon, R.C. Bone cell proliferation on carbon nanotubes. Nano Lett. 2006, 6, 562–567. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sun, W.; Sun, W.; Lin, H.; Sun, W.; Lin, H.; Xie, H.; Chen, B.; Zhao, W.; Han, Q.; Zhao, Y. Collagen membranes loaded with collagen-binding human PDGF-BB accelerate wound healing in a rabbit dermal ischemic ulcer model. Growth Factors 2007, 25, 309–318. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Glowacki, J.; Mizuno, S. Collagen scaffolds for tissue engineering. Biopolym. Orig. Res. Biomol. 2008, 89, 338–344. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Sahu, N.; Parija, B.; Panigrahi, S. Fundamental understanding and modeling of spin coating process: A review. Indian J. Phys. 2009, 83, 493–502. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Scriven, L. Physics and applications of dip coating and spin coating. MRS Online Proc. Lib. Arch. 1988, 121, 717. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lawrence, C. The mechanics of spin coating of polymer films. Phys. Fluids 1988, 31, 2786–2795. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ko, Y.; Kim, N.H.; Lee, N.R.; Chang, S.T. Meniscus-dragging deposition of single-walled carbon nanotubes for highly uniform, large-area, transparent conductors. Carbon 2014, 77, 964–972. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ko, Y.U.; Cho, S.-r.; Choi, K.S.; Park, Y.; Kim, S.T.; Kim, N.H.; Kim, S.Y.; Chang, S.T. Microlitre scale solution processing for controlled, rapid fabrication of chemically derived graphene thin films. J. Mater. Chem. 2012, 22, 3606–3613. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Amrollahi, P.; Krasinski, J.S.; Vaidyanathan, R.; Tayebi, L.; Vashaee, D. Electrophoretic deposition (EPD): Fundamentals and applications from nano-to micro-scale structures. In Handbook of Nanoelectrochemistry; Springer International Publishing: Cham, Switzerland, 2015; pp. 1–27. [Google Scholar]
- Liu, X.; Ding, C.; Wang, Z. Apatite formed on the surface of plasma-sprayed wollastonite coating immersed in simulated body fluid. Biomaterials 2001, 22, 2007–2012. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Xu, S.; Lin, K.; Wang, Z.; Chang, J.; Wang, L.; Lu, J.; Ning, C. Reconstruction of calvarial defect of rabbits using porous calcium silicate bioactive ceramics. Biomaterials 2008, 29, 2588–2596. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lin, K.; Zhang, M.; Zhai, W.; Qu, H.; Chang, J. Fabrication and characterization of hydroxyapatite/wollastonite composite bioceramics with controllable properties for hard tissue repair. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 2011, 94, 99–105. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, X.; Ding, C. Phase compositions and microstructure of plasma sprayed wollastonite coating. Surf. Coat. Technol. 2001, 141, 269–274. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rodriguez, H.; Vargas, G.; Cortés, D. Electrophoretic deposition of bioactive wollastonite and porcelain–wollastonite coatings on 316L stainless steel. Ceram. Int. 2008, 34, 1303–1307. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sharma, S.; Soni, V.P.; Bellare, J.R. Chitosan reinforced apatite–wollastonite coating by electrophoretic deposition on titanium implants. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med. 2009, 20, 1427–1436. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Blazewicz, M. Carbon materials in the treatment of soft and hard tissue injuries. Eur. Cells Mater. 2001, 2, 21–29. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Naskar, D.; Bhattacharjee, P.; Ghosh, A.K.; Mandal, M.; Kundu, S.C. Carbon nanofiber reinforced nonmulberry silk protein fibroin nanobiocomposite for tissue engineering applications. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2017, 9, 19356–19370. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bower, C.; Zhou, O.; Zhu, W.; Werder, D.; Jin, S. Nucleation and growth of carbon nanotubes by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2000, 77, 2767–2769. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kobashi, K.; Nishimura, K.; Kawate, Y.; Horiuchi, T. Synthesis of diamonds by use of microwave plasma chemical-vapor deposition: Morphology and growth of diamond films. Phys. Rev. B 1988, 38, 4067–4084. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Yamada, T.; Ishihara, M.; Hasegawa, M. Large area coating of graphene at low temperature using a roll-to-roll microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition. Thin Solid Films 2013, 532, 89–93. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Elliott, M.; May, P.; Petherbridge, J.; Leeds, S.; Ashfold, M.; Wang, W. Optical emission spectroscopic studies of microwave enhanced diamond CVD using CH4/CO2 plasmas. Diam. Relat. Mater. 2000, 9, 311–316. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Krishnia, L.; Tyagi, P.K. Growth and characterization of polycrystalline diamond films on silicon using sugarcane bagasse as carbon precursor at atmospheric pressure by thermal chemical vapor deposition. Diam. Relat. Mater. 2018, 87, 18–26. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Azboy, I.; Groff, H.; Goswami, K.; Vahedian, M.; Parvizi, J. Low-dose aspirin is adequate for venous thromboembolism prevention following total joint arthroplasty: A systematic review. J. Arthroplast. 2020, 35, 886–892. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Tang, J.; Xiong, J.; Wu, T.; Tang, Z.; Ding, G.; Zhang, C.; Wang, S.; Liu, Y. Aspirin treatment improved mesenchymal stem cell immunomodulatory properties via the 15d-PGJ2/PPARγ/TGF-β1 pathway. Stem Cells Dev. 2014, 23, 2093–2103. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Liu, H.; Li, W.; Liu, Y.; Zhang, X.; Zhou, Y. Co-administration of aspirin and allogeneic adipose-derived stromal cells attenuates bone loss in ovariectomized rats through the anti-inflammatory and chemotactic abilities of aspirin. Stem Cell Res. Ther. 2015, 6, 200. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Shin, Y.C.; Song, S.-J.; Jeong, S.J.; Kim, B.; Kwon, I.K.; Hong, S.W.; Oh, J.-W.; Han, D.-W. Graphene-based nanocomposites as promising options for hard tissue regeneration. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 2018, 1078, 103–117. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Shin, Y.C.; Song, S.-J.; Hong, S.W.; Oh, J.-W.; Hwang, Y.-S.; Choi, Y.S.; Han, D.-W. Graphene-functionalized biomimetic scaffolds for tissue regeneration. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 2018, 164, 73–89. [Google Scholar]
Clarification | Coating Method | CNM | Conjugation | Coating Quality (Features and Process Rate) | Biological Evaluation | Osteogenic and Antibacterial Activities | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physicomechanical Method | Plasma spraying | CNT | HAp | FDA-approved method and commonly used | In vivo (rat and mouse) | Newly grown bone, no periosteal reactions, and restoration of healthy osteoblast and osteocyte | [21] |
Graphene | CS | In vivo (rabbit) | Newly grown bone cover pores in interface | [22] | |||
Ultrasonic atomization spraying | GO | - | Retains original particle structure; thin and uniform layer | In vitro (BM-MSC) and in vivo (rat) | Increased cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic markers; in vivo osseointegration | [23] | |
Dip coating | ND | - | Simple, fast, and cost-effective | In vitro (NHDF and calvariae primary osteoblast) | Enhanced cell growth; inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus colonization | [24] | |
MWCNT | Collagen | In vitro (MSC) | Increased proliferation and ALP activity | [25] | |||
Spin coating | GO | Chitosan | Fast process rate and simple process | In vitro (MC3T3-E1) and in vivo (rat) | Antibacterial effect on Streptococcus mutans; enhanced cell proliferation | [26] | |
rGO | Dex, AA | In vitro (MC3T3-E1) and in vivo (rat) | Enhanced cell viability and adhesion; formation of collagen type I and new bone | [27] | |||
MDD | GO | - | Transparent coating by precise control in nanometer scale | In vitro (MC3T3-E1) and in vivo (rat) | Enhanced proliferation and ALP activity; new bone formation | [28] | |
Electrochemical Method | EPD | GOMA | PBA functionalization GelMA-PBA | High versatility and cost-effectiveness; uniform coating on a porous and complex-shaped substrate with easy accessibility and low cost of equipment | In vitro (osteoblast from rat calvaria) | Enhanced cell viability, proliferation, mineralization, collagen secretion, ALP activity, and osteogenic-relative gene expression; antibacterial effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and S. aureus | [29] |
rGO | CS | In vitro (hFOB) | Increased cell viability | [30] | |||
CNF | HAp, PCL | In vitro (MG63) and in vivo (rat) | Antibacterial effect on S. aureus and Escherichia coli; enhanced proliferation and ALP activity | [31] | |||
GO | Chitosan, HAp | In vitro (MG63) | Antibacterial effect on S. aureus; enhanced proliferation and ALP activity | [32] | |||
GO | Chitosan, HAp | In vitro (BM-MSC) and in vivo (rat) | Improved proliferation and differentiation; improved in vivo osseointegration | [33] | |||
ECD | GO | HAp | Low process temperature; coating on geometrically complex surface; controllable coating properties; low cost of equipment | In vitro (MG63) | Enhanced proliferation and ALP activity | [34] | |
SWCNT | HAp | In vitro (human osteoblast) | Enhanced proliferation and ALP activity | [35] | |||
MW-PACVD | ND | HAp | Dense and homogeneous coating; varying crystalline structure; | In vitro (hMSC) | Enhanced proliferation and ALP activity | [36] | |
ND | - | ultrahardness with a very low friction coefficient, chemical inertness, impermeability of the carbon coating, and highly resistant corrosion and erosion processes | In vivo (pig) | Enhanced bone-to-implant contact (BIC) | [37] | ||
Spraying and in situ crosslinking | MWCNT | - | Facile, cheap, and scalable | In vitro (ADSC) | - | [38] | |
Chemical spray pyrolysis | MWCNT | Silver, HAp | Uniform deposition rate at low temperature; pure and reproducible; mass productivity | In vivo (human osteoblast) | Antibacterial property on E. coli, Shigella flexeri, S. aureus, and Bacillus subtilis | [39] | |
Alkali hydrothermal reaction and silane coupling; APTES conjugation | GO | Aspirin | Stable bonding; the feasibility of functionalization | In vitro (MC3T3-E1) | Enhanced proliferation and ALP activity | [40] | |
Chemical assembly | GO | Dopamine | Uniform coating on any shape or structure | In vitro (BM-MSC) and in vivo (rabbit) | Improved cell viability, ALP activity, and mineralization; improved in vivo osseointegration | [41] |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Kang, M.S.; Lee, J.H.; Hong, S.W.; Lee, J.H.; Han, D.-W. Nanocomposites for Enhanced Osseointegration of Dental and Orthopedic Implants Revisited: Surface Functionalization by Carbon Nanomaterial Coatings. J. Compos. Sci. 2021, 5, 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs5010023
Kang MS, Lee JH, Hong SW, Lee JH, Han D-W. Nanocomposites for Enhanced Osseointegration of Dental and Orthopedic Implants Revisited: Surface Functionalization by Carbon Nanomaterial Coatings. Journal of Composites Science. 2021; 5(1):23. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs5010023
Chicago/Turabian StyleKang, Moon Sung, Jong Ho Lee, Suck Won Hong, Jong Hun Lee, and Dong-Wook Han. 2021. "Nanocomposites for Enhanced Osseointegration of Dental and Orthopedic Implants Revisited: Surface Functionalization by Carbon Nanomaterial Coatings" Journal of Composites Science 5, no. 1: 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs5010023
APA StyleKang, M. S., Lee, J. H., Hong, S. W., Lee, J. H., & Han, D. -W. (2021). Nanocomposites for Enhanced Osseointegration of Dental and Orthopedic Implants Revisited: Surface Functionalization by Carbon Nanomaterial Coatings. Journal of Composites Science, 5(1), 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs5010023