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Article

Conductive Oxides for Formulating Mitigated-Sensitivity Energetic Composite Materials

1
NS3E Laboratory, UMR 3208 ISL/CNRS/UNISTRA, French-German Research Institute of Saint-Louis (ISL), 5 Rue du Général Cassagnou, BP70034, 68301 Saint Louis, France
2
Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Compos. Sci. 2022, 6(6), 174; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs6060174
Submission received: 23 May 2022 / Revised: 2 June 2022 / Accepted: 10 June 2022 / Published: 14 June 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Composite Nanostructures for Energy and Environment Applications)

Abstract

Composite energetic nanomaterials, otherwise known as nanothermites, consist of physical mixtures of fuel and oxidizer nanoparticles. When a combustion reaction takes place between both components, extremely impressive conditions are created, such as high temperatures (>1000 °C), intense heat releases (>kJ/cm3), and sometimes gas generation. These conditions can be adjusted by modifying the chemical nature of both reactants. However, these energetic composites are extremely sensitive to electrostatic discharge. This may lead to accidental ignitions during handling and transportation operations. This study examines the use of a n-type semiconductor ITO material as an alternative oxidizer combined with aluminum fuel. Indium tin oxide (ITO) ceramic is widely used in the elaboration of conducting coatings for antistatic applications because of its ability to conduct electrical charges (n-type semiconductor). The energetic performance of the Al/ITO thermite was determined, i.e., the sensitivity threshold regarding mechanical (impact and friction) and electrostatic discharge (ESD) stresses, as well as the reactive behavior (heat of reaction, combustion front velocity). The results demonstrate insensitivity toward mechanical stresses regardless of the ITO granulometry. As regards the spark sensitivity, using ITO microparticles considerably raises the sensitivity threshold value (<0.21 mJ vs. 13.70 mJ). A combustion velocity of nearly 650 m/s was also determined.
Keywords: nanothermites; indium tin oxide; combustion reaction; sensitivities properties; spark test nanothermites; indium tin oxide; combustion reaction; sensitivities properties; spark test

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MDPI and ACS Style

Gibot, P.; Puel, E.; Lallemand, B.; Oudot, F. Conductive Oxides for Formulating Mitigated-Sensitivity Energetic Composite Materials. J. Compos. Sci. 2022, 6, 174. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs6060174

AMA Style

Gibot P, Puel E, Lallemand B, Oudot F. Conductive Oxides for Formulating Mitigated-Sensitivity Energetic Composite Materials. Journal of Composites Science. 2022; 6(6):174. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs6060174

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gibot, Pierre, Estelle Puel, Bastien Lallemand, and Franck Oudot. 2022. "Conductive Oxides for Formulating Mitigated-Sensitivity Energetic Composite Materials" Journal of Composites Science 6, no. 6: 174. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs6060174

APA Style

Gibot, P., Puel, E., Lallemand, B., & Oudot, F. (2022). Conductive Oxides for Formulating Mitigated-Sensitivity Energetic Composite Materials. Journal of Composites Science, 6(6), 174. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs6060174

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