Chopped Basalt Fiber-Reinforced High-Performance Concrete: An Experimental and Analytical Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Program
2.1. Materials
2.2. Concrete Mix Design
2.3. Mixing Procedure and Specimens Preparation
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Workability
3.2. Compressive Strength
3.3. Impact Resistance
3.4. Relationship between Impact Energy and Compressive Strength
3.5. Microstructural Analysis
4. Conclusions
- BF was added to the high-performance concrete with the aim of increasing both the ductility and the mechanical properties. The amount of BF influenced the workability of the final product.
- Using chopped basalt fibers enhanced the compressive strength of the concrete. The optimum compressive strength value was obtained using a BF content of 8 kg/m3. When the volume fraction of basalt fiber was 8 kg/m3, the compressive strength was increased by 16.00%, 17.50%, and 14.45% at ages 2, 28, and 56 days, respectively, compared with that of HPC without fiber.
- The empirical relationship between the impact energy and compressive strength, obtained from regression analysis, shows that the predictable values are in a good agreement and integration with the empirical data.
- Based on the experimental results, the addition of BF increased the number of blows that the high-performance concrete was subjected to at ultimate failure compared with HPC without fiber. Moreover, the results indicated this addition of BF significantly influenced the impact toughness of the concrete when subjected to impact loading. In the case of impact loading, the impact toughness significantly increased with a dosage of 8 kg/m3 of BF compared with reference concrete. Therefore, the failure mechanism showed less brittleness throughout, changing from a diagonal to a radial failure pattern.
- The SEM observations of the concrete showed that the BFs which accumulated in pores and on the surface of the attached mortar could both strengthen the concrete and improve the microstructure of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ), which further enhanced the bonding strength and ductility of the concrete.
- It is recommended for future studies to further develop and verify the relationship between the concrete impact resistance and compressive strength using more experimental measurements.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Property | Cut Length (mm) | Diameter (µm) | Density (gm/cm3) | Elastic Modulus (GPa) | Elongation at Break (%) | Tensile Strength (MPa) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BF-3 | 3 | 13 | 2.65 | 83 | 3.1 | 2574 |
BF-12 | 12 | 15 | 2.65 | 62 | 2.9 | 2450 |
BF-18 | 18 | 15 | 2.65 | 62 | 2.9 | 2450 |
Mix Code | Fiber Length (mm) | Vf (%) | Cement (kg/m3) | Silica Fume (kg/m3) | Sand (kg/m3) | Dolomite (kg/m3) | Water (kg/m3) | SP (kg/m3) | BF (kg/m3) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BF-0 | - | 0 | 450 | 50 | 625 | 1075 | 150 | 10 | - |
BF-3-2 | 3 | 0.075 | 450 | 50 | 625 | 1075 | 150 | 10 | 2 |
BF-3-4 | 3 | 0.15 | 450 | 50 | 625 | 1075 | 150 | 10 | 4 |
BF-3-8 | 3 | 0.3 | 450 | 50 | 625 | 1075 | 150 | 10 | 8 |
BF-3-12 | 3 | 0.45 | 450 | 50 | 625 | 1075 | 150 | 10 | 12 |
BF-3-16 | 3 | 0.6 | 450 | 50 | 625 | 1075 | 150 | 10 | 16 |
BF-12-2 | 12 | 0.075 | 450 | 50 | 625 | 1075 | 150 | 10 | 2 |
BF-12-4 | 12 | 0.15 | 450 | 50 | 625 | 1075 | 150 | 10 | 4 |
BF-12-8 | 12 | 0.3 | 450 | 50 | 625 | 1075 | 150 | 10 | 8 |
BF-12-12 | 12 | 0.45 | 450 | 50 | 625 | 1075 | 150 | 10 | 12 |
BF-12-16 | 12 | 0.6 | 450 | 50 | 625 | 1075 | 150 | 10 | 16 |
BF-18-2 | 18 | 0.075 | 450 | 50 | 625 | 1075 | 150 | 10 | 2 |
BF-18-4 | 18 | 0.15 | 450 | 50 | 625 | 1075 | 150 | 10 | 4 |
BF-18-8 | 18 | 0.3 | 450 | 50 | 625 | 1075 | 150 | 10 | 8 |
BF-18-12 | 18 | 0.45 | 450 | 50 | 625 | 1075 | 150 | 10 | 12 |
BF-18-16 | 18 | 0.6 | 450 | 50 | 625 | 1075 | 150 | 10 | 16 |
Mixture (ID) | Fiber Dosage (kg/m3) | Slump (mm) |
---|---|---|
BF-0 | - | 280 |
BF-3-2 | 2 | 230 |
BF-3-4 | 4 | 190 |
BF-3-8 | 8 | 140 |
BF-3-12 | 12 | 100 |
BF-3-16 | 16 | 65 |
BF-12-2 | 2 | 200 |
BF-12-4 | 4 | 170 |
BF-12-8 | 8 | 105 |
BF-12-12 | 12 | 90 |
BF-12-16 | 16 | 45 |
BF-18-2 | 2 | 175 |
BF-18-4 | 4 | 120 |
BF-18-8 | 8 | 80 |
BF-18-12 | 12 | 50 |
BF-18-16 | 16 | 20 |
Mix Code | Fiber Length (mm) | Vf (%) | Compressive Strength (MPa) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 Days | 28 Days | 56 Days | ||||||
Measured (MPa) | Strength Enhancement (%) | Measured (MPa) | Strength Enhancement (%) | Measured (MPa) | Strength Enhancement (%) | |||
BF-0 | - | 0 | 46.8 | - | 86.3 | - | 99.6 | - |
BF-3-2 | 3 | 0.075 | 47 | 0.4 | 86.8 | 0.6 | 99.3 | -0.3 |
BF-3-4 | 3 | 0.15 | 48.6 | 3.8 | 88.4 | 2.4 | 101.7 | 2.1 |
BF-3-8 | 3 | 0.3 | 52.4 | 12.0 | 96.8 | 12.2 | 107.5 | 7.9 |
BF-3-12 | 3 | 0.45 | 49.3 | 5.3 | 91.2 | 5.7 | 102.5 | 2.9 |
BF-3-16 | 3 | 0.6 | 48.1 | 2.8 | 89.8 | 4.1 | 99.8 | 0.2 |
BF-12-2 | 12 | 0.075 | 47.9 | 2.4 | 89 | 3.1 | 101.3 | 1.7 |
BF-12-4 | 12 | 0.15 | 49.7 | 6.2 | 92.7 | 7.4 | 105.1 | 5.5 |
BF-12-8 | 12 | 0.3 | 53.4 | 14.1 | 99.3 | 15.1 | 112.3 | 12.8 |
BF-12-12 | 12 | 0.45 | 51.2 | 9.4 | 93.7 | 8.6 | 103.6 | 4.0 |
BF-12-16 | 12 | 0.6 | 49.1 | 4.9 | 91.2 | 5.7 | 101.2 | 1.6 |
BF-18-2 | 18 | 0.075 | 49.4 | 5.6 | 90.5 | 4.9 | 102.3 | 2.7 |
BF-18-4 | 18 | 0.15 | 51.2 | 9.4 | 95.3 | 10.4 | 107.8 | 8.2 |
BF-18-8 | 18 | 0.3 | 54.3 | 16.0 | 101.4 | 17.5 | 114 | 14.5 |
BF-18-12 | 18 | 0.45 | 52.5 | 12.2 | 96.3 | 11.6 | 105.7 | 6.1 |
BF-18-16 | 18 | 0.6 | 50.8 | 8.6 | 93.8 | 8.7 | 102.7 | 3.1 |
Mixture No. | Fiber Length (mm) | Vf (%) | Number of Drop | t (mm) | D (mm) | Specimen Volume (m3) | Impact Energy (J) | Specimen Mass (kg) | Energy/ Volume (kJ/m3) | Energy/Mass (J/kg) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BF-0 | - | 0 | 22 | 65 | 151 | 1.163 × 10−3 | 1331.5 | 2.65 | 1144.9 | 502.4 |
BF-3-2 | 3 | 0.075 | 23 | 66 | 151 | 1.181 × 10−3 | 1392.0 | 2.78 | 1178.6 | 500.7 |
BF-3-4 | 3 | 0.15 | 28 | 63 | 150 | 1.112 × 10−3 | 1694.6 | 2.68 | 1523.9 | 632.3 |
BF-3-8 | 3 | 0.3 | 43 | 64 | 150 | 1.130 × 10−3 | 2602.4 | 2.71 | 2303 | 960.3 |
BF-3-12 | 3 | 0.45 | 36 | 63 | 149 | 1.098 × 10−3 | 2178.8 | 2.61 | 1984.3 | 834.8 |
BF-3-16 | 3 | 0.6 | 18 | 64 | 149 | 1.115 × 10−3 | 1089.4 | 2.63 | 977.0 | 414.2 |
BF-12-2 | 12 | 0.075 | 27 | 65 | 150 | 1.148 × 10−3 | 1634.0 | 2.69 | 1423.3 | 607.4 |
BF-12-4 | 12 | 0.15 | 41 | 64 | 148 | 1.100 × 10−3 | 2481.4 | 2.61 | 2255.8 | 950.7 |
BF-12-8 | 12 | 0.3 | 64 | 66 | 149 | 1.150 × 10−3 | 3873.4 | 2.73 | 3368.2 | 1418.8 |
BF-12-12 | 12 | 0.45 | 54 | 65 | 150 | 1.148 × 10−3 | 3268.2 | 2.71 | 2846.9 | 1206.0 |
BF-12-16 | 12 | 0.6 | 19 | 66 | 150 | 1.165 × 10−3 | 1150.0 | 2.68 | 987.1 | 429.1 |
BF-18-2 | 18 | 0.075 | 41 | 66 | 150 | 1.165 × 10−3 | 2481.4 | 2.73 | 2130.0 | 908.9 |
BF-18-4 | 18 | 0.15 | 77 | 63 | 151 | 1.127 × 10−3 | 4660.2 | 2.68 | 4135 | 1738.9 |
BF-18-8 | 18 | 0.3 | 103 | 66 | 151 | 1.181 × 10−3 | 6233.8 | 2.79 | 5278.4 | 2234.3 |
BF-18-12 | 18 | 0.45 | 84 | 64 | 149 | 1.115 × 10−3 | 5083.8 | 2.70 | 4559.5 | 1882.9 |
BF-18-16 | 18 | 0.6 | 20 | 64 | 151 | 1.145 × 10−3 | 1210.4 | 2.69 | 1057.1 | 450.0 |
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Tahwia, A.M.; Helal, K.A.; Youssf, O. Chopped Basalt Fiber-Reinforced High-Performance Concrete: An Experimental and Analytical Study. J. Compos. Sci. 2023, 7, 250. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs7060250
Tahwia AM, Helal KA, Youssf O. Chopped Basalt Fiber-Reinforced High-Performance Concrete: An Experimental and Analytical Study. Journal of Composites Science. 2023; 7(6):250. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs7060250
Chicago/Turabian StyleTahwia, Ahmed M., Khaled A. Helal, and Osama Youssf. 2023. "Chopped Basalt Fiber-Reinforced High-Performance Concrete: An Experimental and Analytical Study" Journal of Composites Science 7, no. 6: 250. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs7060250